LGBT Direct Action Bibliography, Chronology, and Inventory, 1970 – Marc Stein – October 2024

 

B = businesses

E = electoral politics, including politicians, public officials, and political parties

G = gay-ins and other LGBT gatherings

I = military, militarism, war

J = jails and prisons

M = media (newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television), arts, and culture

N = national, state, and local government policies and buildings, including courts

O = police

P = pride events, marches, parades, and protests

Q = LGBT targets, including organizations and businesses

R = religion, religious institutions, and religious policies

S = science, medicine, psychology, and psychiatry

U = universities, colleges, schools, and educational institutions

X = miscellaneous

 

1970

 

6 January 1970: Gay Liberation Front New York demonstration at trial of Che actors. Gay Liberation Front Bulletin, 23 Dec. 1969, 1; Gay Liberation Front Bulletin, 30 Dec. 1969, 1; “Court Convicts 13 in ‘Che’ Production,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 26 Feb. 1970, 8. [N] [M]

 

11 January 1970: Committee for Homosexual Law Reform march for state sodomy law reform in Los Angeles (250-300 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Homosexual Motorcade Freaks Hollywood Blvd.,” Los Angeles Free Press, 12 Dec. 1969, 9; Douglas Key, “Gay Solidarity March,” Los Angeles Free Press, 23 Jan. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “West Coast Report,” Gay Power (1.9), c. Jan. 1970, 5, 19; Mel Holt, “Gay March in Hollywood,” Gay Power (1.9), c. Jan. 1970, 5; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 20; “More Demonstrations Set for Dec. 6, Jan. 11,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 1; “Hollywood March,” Vector, Feb. 1970, 14; Mel Holt, “Committee for Homosexual Law Reform in Hollywood Protest,” San Francisco Free Press, Feb. 1970, 11; “250 March in Los Angeles,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1970, 1; Douglas Key, “Gay Spirit Inspires Catholic Rage,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 16, 19; “Rev. Perry Leads 250 in L.A. March for Rights,” Los Angeles Advocate, Mar. 1970, 1, 2; Mel Holt, “Committee for Homosexual Law Reform in Hollywood Protest,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 11; Douglas Key, “L.A. Sweep,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 12; Douglas Key, letter to the editor, Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 12. [N]

 

16 January 1970: Gay Liberation Front rally at San Francisco Civic Center, demonstration at KGO-TV in San Francisco, and demonstration at ABC Building in New York City to protest the firing of gay journalist Leo Laurence (60-200 participants; 2 arrests). Primary sources: “KGO Blows Fuse,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 24; “KGO Can’t Dig It,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Oct. 1969, 13; Phineas Israeli, “The Gay Blues,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Instead of Turkey, Tender Loins,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 9; Leo E. Laurence, “Roland Raps, Leo Listen,” Berkeley Tribe, 26 Dec. 1969, 8; “ABC’s of Love,” Berkeley Tribe, 9 Jan. 1970, 8; “Gays to Hit ABC,” Berkeley Barb, 9 Jan. 1970, 7, 14; “Gay Protest Planned on ABC Firing,” San Francisco Chronicle, 9 Jan. 1970, 7; Don Jackson, “Homosexual Gov’t Planned,” Los Angeles Free Press, 9 Jan. 1970, 1, 6, 7; “Peaceful Demonstration at K.G.O. This Friday,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 1; “Gay Women’s Liberation to Support Demonstration at K.G.O. This Friday,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 4; “Fact Sheet: Gay Liberation Front vs. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 5; GLF News, 13 Jan. 1970, 1; “ABC Freak Out: Fun and Come,” Berkeley Tribe, 16 Jan. 1970, 2; “Big Battle Looms,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Jan. 1970, 7; “A Parade of Gay Pickets,” San Francisco Chronicle, 17 Jan. 1970, 3; “Demonstration at K.G.O. Gets Widespread Support by Media,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 18 Jan. 1970, 1; John James, “Gays Blow Minds,” San Francisco Good Times, 22 Jan. 1970, 6; Don Burton, “Inside ABC: Lover Tells All,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1970, 7; “Outside Support Actions,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1970, 7; Leo Laurence, “KGO Blows,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Jan. 1970, 11; Gale Whittington, “Union Backs Gay Lib,” Berkeley Barb, 30 Jan. 1970, 5; Gale Whittington, “Gay Labor Pain,” Berkeley Tribe, 30 Jan. 1970, 11; “GLF Marches on ‘Love’ Station,” Rat, 9 Feb. 1970, 10; Leo E. Laurence, “Leo Wins!!” Berkeley Tribe, 13 Feb. 1970, 14; “Radicals to Picket ABC,” GAY, 16 Feb. 1970, 20; “Gay Fronters’ Obscenity Case Dismissed,” San Francisco Chronicle, 19 Feb. 1970, 18; Don Jackson, “West Coast Report,” Gay Power (1.10), c. Feb. 1970, 7; “Firemen,” San Francisco Free Press, Feb. 1970, 2; Jerry Johnson, “Onto the Street,” San Francisco Free Press, Mar. 1970, 7; “KGO Gooses Gay,” Berkeley Barb, 20 Mar. 1970, 2; “Leo Re-Fired,” Berkeley Tribe, 20 Mar. 1970, 12; “Gays Picket ABC Station,” Los Angeles Advocate, Mar. 1970, 9; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 17, 21; Leo E. Laurence, “Firing Line,” Berkeley Tribe, 3 Apr. 1970, 10; Leo E. Laurence, “‘Don’t Hide It,’” Berkeley Barb, 3 Apr. 1970, 9; “Judge Rules Gay Slogans Disturbed Peace,” San Francisco Chronicle, 23 Apr. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “‘Suck Cock, Beat Draft,” Berkeley Barb, 1 May 1970, 10; Don Jackson, “Suck Cock to Beat the Draft,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 15; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 6; Don Jackson, “Indecent…Profane…Vulgar,” San Francisco Free Press, May 1970, 2; Paul Cantor, “K-K-KGO Must Go!!!” Berkeley Barb, 12 June 1970, 4, 6; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 4; “Gays Versus KKKGO,” Berkeley Barb, 30 July 1971, 9. [M] [M]

 

16 January 1970: Women’s Liberation and Students for Gay Power rally at the University of California, Berkeley’s Sproul Steps to protest exclusion of women from karate course. Primary sources: “U.C. Berkeley Students for Gay Power Blow Some Minds,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 18 Jan. 1970, 2. [U]

 

22-23 January 1970: Women’s Liberation and Students for Gay Power demonstrations at the University of California, Berkeley’s Harmon Gym to protest exclusion of women from karate course and police entrapment in men’s rooms (70 participants). Primary sources: “Students for Gay Power March on Harmon,” The Daily Californian, 23 Jan. 1970, 3; “Gays Picket Rap Trappers,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1969, 7; “Gay Women’s Liberation to Support Demonstration at K.G.O. This Friday,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 4; Bippi, “Fan Fires,” Berkeley Barb, 13 Feb. 1970, 5; Don Jackson, “West Coast Report,” Gay Power (1.10), c. Feb. 1970, 7. [O] [O] [U] [U]

 

26 January 1970: Gay Activists Alliance New York protest at gubernatorial candidates’ forum at Village Independent Democrats (12 participants). Primary sources: Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.10), c. Feb. 1970, 22; Kay Tobin, “Gay Activists Confront Politicos,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1970, 1, 10; Ron Hollander, “Gays Picket City Hall,” New York Post, 5 Mar. 1970, 26; Leo Louis Martello, “New York GAA Faces Candidates for Governor,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 6; Leo Louis Martello, “New York GAA Faces Candidates for Governor,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 6. [E]

 

26 January 1970: Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Gay Liberation Front demonstration against police abuse and violence at San Francisco Police Commission meeting (20 participants). Primary sources: Gale Whittington, “Queer Killers,” Berkeley Tribe, 30 Jan. 1970, 7, 19. [O]

 

7 February-20 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles, Committee for Homosexual Law Reform, Committee for Homosexual Freedom, and Homosexual Information Center demonstrations (on 7 February, 14 March, 20 March, and other dates) to protest “Fagots Stay Out” sign at Barney’s Beanery (60-150 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Lib Front Meets; Plans to Picket Barney’s Beanery,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Feb. 1970, 17; Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Feb. 1970, 3, 12; Don Jackson, “Gays Blast Barney,” Berkeley Barb, 13 Feb. 1970, 11; Don Jackson, “Gay Bar Politics,” Berkeley Barb, 20 Feb. 1970, 9; Don Jackson, “Barneys Turns Gay,” Gay Power (1.11), c. Feb. 1970, 10, 21, 22; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “South Calif,” San Francisco Free Press, Mar. 1970, 3; Douglas Key, “Gay Spirit Inspires Catholic Rage,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 16, 19; Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3, 15; Douglas Key, “Decor Improves at Barney’s,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Mar. 1970, 5; “LA Gays Boycott Barney’s Beanery,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 1; “Gays Picket Barney’s,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 1, 2; Don Jackson, “Barney’s Sign Sold; Be Coming Gay,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 12; “Gay Groups Win: Signs Come Down at Barney’s Beanery,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 3, 7; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.14), c. Apr. 1970, 10; “‘Fagots’ Stay Out? Ho, Hum,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 7. [B] [B] [B] [B]

 

16 February 1970: Gay Liberation Front New York participation in demonstrations against political trials of leftist activists in Chicago and New York at City Hall Park and Foley Square. Primary sources: GLF News, 10 Feb. 1970, 1. [N]

 

23 February 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles and Pope Morris I (Morris Kight) nailed a statement demanding 90 billion reparations from Christian churches at the First Congregational Church. Primary sources: Leo E. Laurence, “Hard On! Gay Lib,” Berkeley Tribe, 20 Feb. 1970, 13, 19; “Gay Minority Militancy on the Rise,” Berkeley Barb, 20 Feb. 1970, 11; Don Jackson, “Gays Demand Ninety Billion,” Los Angeles Free Press, 20 Feb. 1970, 18; 2; Douglas Key, “More on Gay Conference,” Los Angeles Free Press, 20 Feb. 1970, 18; Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Feb. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “Pope Delivers Bill,” Gay Power (1.11), c. Feb. 1970, 3; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 17; Don Jackson, “$90,000,000,000 Demand,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 3, 15. [R]

 

25 February 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation demonstration against police harassment at Illinois Women’s Bar Association Continuing Education Committee at Chicago Bar Association building (40 participants). Primary sources: David Stienecker, “WBA Demonstration,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Apr. 1970, 3. [O]

 

1 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles protests at St. Basil Catholic Church, Christ Unity, and St. James Episcopal Church (35 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Feb. 1970, 22; Douglas Key, “Gay Spirit Inspires Catholic Rage,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 16, 19; Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3. [R]

 

1 March 1970: Gay Activists Alliance New York and Daughters of Bilitis New York demonstration at Household Finance Co. to protest loan denials, employment discrimination, and investigatory practices (70 participants). Primary sources: “Household Finance Invaded by Angry Activists,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 1, 10. [B]

 

5 March 1970: Gay Activists Alliance New York demonstration against employment discrimination and police harassment at City Hall (15-30 participants). Primary sources: Ron Hollander, “Gays Picket City Hall,” New York Post, 5 Mar. 1970, 26; “Will Mayor Lindsay Listen?” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 2; “Gay Activists Confront City Hall,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 1; “Onward to City Hall,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 5, 22; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 4. [N] [O]

 

8 March 1970: Gay Activists Alliance New York and Gay Liberation Front New York demonstration and march against police harassment and violence (200-700 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Hold Protest in ‘Village’ after Raid Nets 176,” New York Times, 9 Mar. 1970, 29; Philip McCarthy, “Impaled, Saved by Fire ‘Docs,’” New York Daily News, 9 Mar. 1970, 1, 4, 40-41; “Jumper’s Condition Still Grave,” New York Post, 10 Mar.  1970, 6; Jonathan Black, “The Boys in the Snake Pit: Games ‘Straights’ Play,” Village Voice, 19 Mar. 1970, 1, 61-64; “Out of the Closets, Into the Streets!” Rat, 20 Mar. 1970, 10; Charles Grutzner, “Slain Man’s Letters Give Impetus to Local and Federal Investigations of After-Hours Clubs Here,” New York Times, 23 Mar. 1970, 33; “Koch Accuses Police Here of Harassing Homosexuals,” New York Times, 26 Mar. 1970, 30; Editorial, Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 3; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 4; “The Morning of the Snake Pit,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 5; Jerry Hoose, “Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 17, 20; Dick Leitsch, “The Snake Pit Raid: Some Afterthoughts,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 13; “Patrons Tell of Raid from Inside,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 3; “Responsible Cop Cops Out,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 10; “The Snake Pit Raid,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 2; “Political Club Acts to Halt Raids,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 10; “500 Angry Homosexuals Protest Raid,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 3, 10; Leo Martello, “Raid Victim Impaled on Fence,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 6; “Gays Protest Police Raid on Bar after Young Man Is Impaled on Fence,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 4; Allen Warshawsky, “‘Take Good Care of My Brother,’” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 4; “Three Gay Clubs Raided,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Apr. 1970, 2, 4; “Editorial,” Gay Power (1.14), c. Apr. 1970, 3; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 4; “New York Controversy Continues over Snake Pit Mass Arrest,” Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 2; “G.A.A. Raids Police Headquarters,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 18, 21; John Francis Hunter, “New York Notes,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 11. [O]

 

8 March 1970: Committee for Homosexual Law Reform and Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles rally and march to commemorate police killing of Howard Efland (120-200 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Feb. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “Justice?” Berkeley Barb, 27 Feb. 1970, 14; Douglas Key, “Gay Spirit Inspires Catholic Rage,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 16, 19; “Gay Memorial Services Planned,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 21; Don Jackson, “Crash Glass House,” Berkeley Barb, 13 Mar. 1970, 9; Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3, 15; Charles Baireuther, “Impersonator Death: Parents, Friends Do Not Accept Full Police Report,” Los Angeles Sentinel, 19 Mar. 1970, 20; “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 8, 18; “Laverne Family Seeks Inquest,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; Jim Kepner, “Gays Remember Dover Death with Rally, March,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 3; “Family Seeks Inquest in Man’s Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 2; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; “Memorial Services for Howard Effland, Victim of Savage L.A. ‘Pigs,’” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Riots Threatened,” Los Angeles Free Press, 15 May 1970, 16, 18; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Riots Predicted,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 15, 20; “KNBC Hit for Shelving Death Probe,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 5; “Gavin Says KNBC Hasn’t Copped Out on Slaying Probe,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 10. [O]

 

8 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles demonstrations at Blessed Sacrament Church and First Baptist Church. Primary sources: “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 8, 18. [R]

 

20 and 24 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front kiss-ins at the University of California, Berkeley (2 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Lovers Now Personae Gratae on UC Campus,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Mar. 1970, 2l; Konstantin Berlandt, “Cheek to Cheek,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Mar. 1970, 10; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8, 20. [U] [U]

 

25 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles demonstration at Spanish consulate to protest Spain’s new antigay laws. Primary sources: “Picket Consulate,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8. [X]

 

27 March 1970: Gay Liberation Front Los Angeles demonstration at the premier of The Boys in the Band (35 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation Reports Growth, Plans to Picket Non-Drag Gay Bars,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Mar. 1970, 23; “‘Boys in Band’ Picketed,” San Francisco Chronicle, 28 Mar. 1970, 30; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8, 20; “Pickets Denounce ‘Boys in the Band,’” GAY, 20 Apr. 1970, 15. [M] [Q]

 

5 April 1970: GLF-LA “gay-in” at Griffith Park (1000-2000 participants, 1 arrest) and demonstration at Hollywood police station (200 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation Reports Growth, Plans to Picket Non-Drag Gay Bars,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Mar. 1970, 23; Douglas Key, “2,000 Homosexuals Hold Los Angeles Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Apr. 1970, 1, 4; Marcus Magnus Overseth, “Gay-In Shows the World,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Jay Laurence, “Gay-In Attracts Varied, Colorful, Happy Crowd,” Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 1, 2; “Police Stupidity in L.A….”, Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 22; Douglas Key, “Police Raid Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 June 1970, 8; “GLF of L.A. Sues Police,” Los Angeles Advocate, 7 Sept. 1970, 12. [G] [O] [N]

 

12 April 1970: GAA-NY zap of Mayor John Lindsay at Metropolitan Museum of Art. Primary sources: “GAA Confronts Lindsay at Museum,” GAY, 4 May 1970, 3. [E] [M]

 

15 April 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation and Mattachine Midwest participation in Income Tax Day antiwar march from Civic Center to Federal Building. Primary sources: William B. Kelley, “Gays Stage Loop Protest,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, May 1970, 1, 11. [I]

 

15 April 1970: GLF-NY participation and protest at antiwar march. Primary sources: Bob Kohler, “Gay Liberation Front—New York,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 6; “Peter Pan’s Magic Garbage Can,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 7. [I]

 

15 April 1970: LGBT participation in Detroit antiwar demonstration. Primary sources: William Schmidt and Edward Shanahan, “Thousands March in Peace but Some Turnt to Violence,” Detroit Free Press, 16 Apr. 1970, 1A, 12A; Jim McFerson, “7,000 Mass in Detroit,” Michigan Daily, 16 Apr. 1970, 3, 8.

 

16 April 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation and Mattachine Midwest participation in Gay Liberation Day and Student Mobilization Committee antiwar rally at Grant Park and march to Jury Court (250 participants). Primary sources: William B. Kelley, “Gays Stage Loop Protest,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, May 1970, 1, 11. [I] [N]

 

17 April 1970: GLF-Berkeley march to Aquatic Park to commemorate killing of Frank Bartley (18 participants). Primary sources: Aubrey Bailey, “Bartley Murder March,” Berkeley Barb, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; “Gay Memorial,” Berkeley Tribe, 17 Apr. 1970, 11; Rev. Jim Rankin, “In Memorium: Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 24 Apr. 1970, 19; Don Jackson, “Bartley Murder Protest,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; “Family to File Suit in Bartley Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 5; “We Remember Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Apr. 1971, 9. [O]

 

19 April 1970: Friends of Frank Bartley Committee march and rally in Provo Park (Berkeley) to commemorate killing of Frank Bartley. Primary sources: Aubrey Bailey, “Bartley Murder March,” Berkeley Barb, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; “Gay Memorial,” Berkeley Tribe, 17 Apr. 1970, 11; Rev. Jim Rankin, “In Memorium: Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 24 Apr. 1970, 19; Don Jackson, “Bartley Murder Protest,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; “Family to File Suit in Bartley Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 5; “We Remember Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Apr. 1971, 9. [O]

 

19 April 1970: GAA-NY zap of Mayor John Lindsay at WNEW-TV (41 participants). Primary sources: Sandra Vaughn, “Lindsay & Homosexuals: An Edited Encounter,” Village Voice, 23 Apr. 1970, 8; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 4; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 4; “GAA Confronts Lindsay at Channel 5,” GAY, 11 May 1970, 3. [E] [M]

 

22 April 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against military discrimination at Fort MacArthur in San Pedro (20 participants). Primary sources: Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29. [I]

 

24-25 April 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation demonstrations at Normandy’s. Primary sources: “The Bars, They Are A-Changin,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, 19 May 1970, 1, 2; Steve Robertson, “Dancing Comes to Normandy,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, June 1970, 6; Wayne Pierce, “Chicago Gay Lib Pickets Bar,” Detroit Liberator, July 1970, 1, 2. [B] [B] [Q] [Q]

 

April 1970: Series of GLF-Chicago demonstrations at The Boys in the Band. Primary sources: Steve Robertson, “Gay Lib Continues to Grow,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, May 1970, 9. [M] [Q]

 

April 1970: Gay protest at Easter sunrise service on Mt. Davidson in San Francisco (2 participants). Primary sources: Don Burton, “Was Jesus Gay?” Berkeley Barb, 3 Apr. 1970, 7; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8. [R]

 

1 May 1970: Lavender Menace zap at the Second Congress to Unite Women in New York (40 participants). Primary sources: “Women’s Liberation Is A Lesbian Plot!,” Rat, 8 May 1970, 12; “Congress to Unite Women?” Rat, 8 May 1970, 12; “Lavender Menace Zaps Women’s Lib,” GAY, 25 May 1970, 17; B. B., “Congress to Unite Women,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1970, 5; Pat Maxwell, “Lavender Menaces Confront the Congress to Unite Women,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 8, 21; Arlene Kisner, “Women Coming Together with Women,” Come Out!, June 1970, 14; Judy Cartisano and Sandy, “Lavender Menace Does It: Two Views,” Come Out!, June 1970, 15; “The Lavender Menace: Gay Liberation Front Women and Radical Lesbians, Congress to Unite Women Resolutions, May 1970,” reprinted in Come Out!, June 1970, 14; “The Lavender Menace Strikes,” Come Out!, June 1970, 14; Karla Jay, “Here Comes the Lavendar [sic] Menace,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 55. [X]

 

2 May 1970: DOB-LA, GLF-LA, Committee for Homosexual Law Reform, Society of Anubis, and TAO demonstration against The Hayloft. Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29. [B] [Q]

 

7 May 1970: GLF-LA protest at California Federal Building psychology lecture (13 participants). Primary sources: “Gays ‘Liberate’ Psychologists’ Homosexual Talk,” Los Angeles Advocate, 27 May 1970, 7, 17. [N] [S]

 

8 May 1970: GLF-Ann Arbor demonstration at University of Michigan alumni tea. Primary sources: “Gay Lib,” Ann Arbor Argus, May 1970, 10-11; Hester Pulling, “Fleming: A Second Chance,” Michigan Daily, 10 June 1970, 4. [U]

 

9 May 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against police harassment at Pershing Square. Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29. [O]

 

8-9 May 1970: GLF-NY participation in antiwar demonstration in Washington, D.C. (25-30 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Liberation Front-New York,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 17; “N.Y. Gays Join in Washington War Protest,” Los Angeles Advocate, 10 June 1970, 4. [I] [I]

 

10 May 1970: LGBT demonstration at Christ Church Cranbrook in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan (10 participants). Primary sources: “Mothers Day 1970,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1974, 5. [R]

 

10 May 1970: GLF-NY gay-in in Central Park (15 participants). Primary sources: “News,” Come Out!, June 1970, 5.

 

13 May 1970: GAA-NY zap of City Council member Carol Greitzer, for her failure to support proposed antidiscrimination legislation at Village Independent Democrats (35 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Activists Sponsor Petition,” GAY, 15 Feb. 1970, 3, 20; Arthur Irving, “Zapping with Carol: Hello Bella,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 4; “Councilman Greitzer Yields to Gay Activists,” GAY, 1 June 1970, 3, 12; Ernest Peter Cohen, “475: A Gay Odyssey,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 3, 8, 10, 21, 22. [E]

 

14 May 1970: GLF-SF and Gay Women’s Liberation protest at American Psychiatric Association convention (20-35 participants). Primary sources: Stuart Auerbach, “Gays and Dolls Battle the Shrinks,” Washington Post, 15 May 1970, 1, 8; “Angry Women and Gay Men Attack Psychiatrists,” San Francisco Chronicle, 15 May 1970, 10; “Homosexuals Disrupt Psychiatrists’ Parley,” New York Times, 15 May 1970, 38; “Women Shout Down Gay Liberationists,” Boston Globe, 15 May 1970, 2; Gary Alinder, “Shrunken Shrinks,” Berkeley Tribe, 22 May 1970, 6-7; David Perlman, “The Psychiatrists & the Protesters,” San Francisco Chronicle, 24 May 1970, This World Section, 18; “Psychiatric Association’s Meeting—Enlightening,” Synapse (San Francisco), 25 May 1970, 6; “Gays ‘Liberate’ Psychologists’ Homosexual Talk,” Los Angeles Advocate, 27 May 1970, 7, 17; Ada Bello, “A.P.A. Zap,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1970, 2-3; “A Much Needed Zap,” GAY, 1 June 1970, 2; “GLF and Women’s Lib Zap Shrinks,” GAY, 8 June 1970, 3, 12; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Shocking ‘Cure’ for Homosexuality,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, June 1970, 4; Gary Alinder, “Gay Liberation Meets the Shrinks,” Come Out!, June 1970, 23; “Socarides Warns of Homosexual Epidemic,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 3; Gary Alinder, “Off Dr. Bieber!!” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 61; “Start of Breakthrough?” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 3, 10; Rob Cole, “Militant Invasion Led to Statement,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 10. [S]

 

15 May 1970: Madison Alliance for Homosexual Equality demonstration at screening of The Boys in the Band at the Atwood Cinema. Primary sources: Jan Gams, “Homosexuals Seek Reforms,” Wisconsin State Journal, 31 May 1970, 16. [M]

 

16 May 1970: GLF-LA demonstration at Frank Zappa concert at UCLA. Primary sources: Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 18. [M] [U]

 

16 May 1970: GLF-LA participation in People’s Armed Forces Day protest in Oceanside (17 participants). Primary sources: Jim Kepner, “Gays Liberate Police Stations,” Los Angeles Free Press, 22 May 1970, 15; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 18. [I]

 

23 May 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against police harassment at Pershing Square. Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29; Jim Kepner, “Gays Liberate Police Stations,” Los Angeles Free Press, 22 May 1970, 15. [O]

 

27 May 1970: GLF-Ann Arbor and Women’s Liberation guerilla theater protest against the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) and other military institutions at the University of Michigan (10 participants). Primary sources: Debra Thal, “Women’s Liberation, GLF Hold ‘Guerilla Theatre,’ Blast ROTC,” Michigan Daily, 28 May 1970, 1. [I] [U]

 

28 May 1970: GLF-LA demonstration to protest antigay harassment and sex crime arrests at Los Angeles City College (12 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Police Raid Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 June 1970, 8; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “LACC Picketing Opens Lines of Communication,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 2; “Little Leniency in LACC Cases,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 2. [O] [U]

 

30 May 1970: GLF-LA “Gay-In” at Griffith Park (500-1000 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29; Jim Kepner, “Gays Liberate Police Stations,” Los Angeles Free Press, 22 May 1970, 15; Douglas Key, “Police Raid Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 June 1970, 8; “Gay-In Brings ‘Em Out (Cops, Too),” Los Angeles Advocate, 24 June 1970, 3, 6; “GLF of L.A. Sues Police,” Los Angeles Advocate, 7 Sept. 1970, 12. [G]

 

31 May 1970: GLF-Seattle participation in Memorial Day Peace March. Primary sources: “Seattle GLF Forms, Marches,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 5. [I]

 

May 1970: GLF-SF demonstrations at Honda dealership. Primary sources: “Cop Watch,” San Francisco Good Times, 29 May 1970, 7; “Mini-Bike Cops Praised,” San Francisco Chronicle, 10 June 1970, 47. [B]

 

5 June 1970: GAA-NY zap of New York gubernatorial candidate Arthur Goldberg at 85^th St. and Broadway (36 participants). Primary sources: Kay Tobin, “GAA Confronts Goldberg, Blumenthal,” GAY, 29 June 1970, 12. [E]

 

16 June 1970: GAA-NY zap of candidate forum at Greenwich Village Association. Primary sources: Kay Tobin, “GAA Tackles Five More Candidates,” GAY, 6 July 1970, 3, 12. [E]

 

21 June 1970: Gay-In in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco (7 arrests). Primary sources: “Gay Is Bad,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 1; “Break Out of the Closet,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 13; Phil Pukas, “Lonely Porkers Crash Gay-In,” Berkeley Barb, 3 July 1970, 1; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 4. [G]

 

23 June 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation protest at American Medical Association national convention (18 participants). Primary sources: Step May, “Offing the Shrinks,” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 9. [S]

 

24 June 1970: GAA-NY demonstration and sit-in at Republican State Committee office (35 participants, 5 arrests). Primary sources: “5 Gay Activists Arrested in Sit-In,” GAY, 13 July 1970, 3, 12; “GOP Drops Case against Alliance,” The Advocate, 31 Mar. 1971, 3. [E]

 

27 June 1970: Rally and demonstration to commemorate the Stonewall Riots in Bughouse Square in Chicago (200 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, 18 June 1970, 2; William B. Kelley, “‘Gay Pride Week’ June 21-28,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, June 1970, 1; “Gay Power News: National,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; David Stienecker, “Several Hundred Gays March in Chicago Pride Celebration,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2; “Historic Day,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 18; Bob Stanley, “Chicago Celebrates Gay Pride Week,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 3; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 9; Bob Stanley, “Gay Pride Week, 1970: That Was The Week That Was,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, July 1970, 1; Rich Larsen, “Gay Pride Week Huge Success!” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Aug. 1970, 1-3; “Gay Pride Week USA,” Detroit Liberator, Aug. 1970, 1, 2, 10. [P]

 

27 June 1970: GLF march from Aquatic Park to Civic Center in San Francisco (20-30 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Is Bad,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 1; “Break Out of the Closet,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 13; “Let’s Do It,” Newsweek, 13 July 1970; “SF March, Gay-In Held,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 9. [P]

 

28 June 1970: “Gay-In” at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco (200 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Is Bad,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 1; “Break Out of the Closet,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 13; “SF March, Gay-In Held,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2; “Gays Parade Down Hollywood Blvd,” Detroit Liberator, Aug. 1970, 1. [G] [P]

 

28 June 1970: Christopher Street Liberation Day march and “gay-in” in New York (2000-20,000 participants). Primary sources: “New Yorkers Plan Big Demonstration,” Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 7; “Funds Needed for ‘Gay-In,’” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1970, 3; “Christopher Street Liberation Day Announced,” GAY, 8 June 1970, 3; Charles McHarry, “On the Town,” New York Daily News, 10 June 1970; “Scenes,” Village Voice, 11 June 1970; Robert Sylvester, “Dream Street,” New York Daily News, 12 June 1970, 60; “Liberation Day Set for Homosexuals,” Amsterdam News, 19 June 1970, 4; “N.Y. Gays Set Big Liberation Day March,” Los Angeles Advocate, 24 June 1970, 1; “Remember the Stonewall,” GAY, 29 June 1970, 2; Lige Clark and Jack Nichols, “Remember the Stonewall!” GAY, 29 June 1970, 5; John Francis Hunter, “The Rise of the New Conscience: Gay Pride on Parade,” GAY, 29 June 1970, 10-11; Lacey Fosburgh, “Thousands of Homosexuals Hold a Protest Rally in Central Park,” New York Times, 29 June 1970, 1, 20; “10,000 Gay Folk Stage a Parade,” New York Daily News, 29 June 1970; “Big Gay Parade in New York City,” San Francisco Chronicle, 29 June 1970, 1, 20; “Homosexuals March in N.Y.,” Washington Post, 29 June 1970, A20; “Christopher Street Liberation Day, 1970,” GLF News, June 1970, 1-2; Jonathan Black, “A Happy Birthday for Gay Liberation,” Village Voice, 2 July 1970, 1, 58; Jill Johnston, “Of This Pure But Irregular Passion,” Village Voice, 2 July 1970, 29-30, 38-39, 55; Les Matthews, “Gay Set Seeking Rights,” Amsterdam News, 4 July 1970, 43; Lacey Fosburgh, “The ‘Gay’ People Demand Their Rights,” New York Times, 5 July 1970, 12; Carlyle Schroer, letter to the editor, New York Daily News, 7 July 1970; “Charlie Cherokee Says,” Chicago Defender, 8 July 1970, 5; Anthony Hiss, “Parade,” New Yorker, 11 July 1970, 19-20; “Gay Pride,” TIME, 13 July 1970, 6; “Let’s Do It,” Newsweek, 13 July 1970; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 13 July 1970, 9; Nora Sayre, “New York’s Gay-In,” New Statesman, 17 July 1970, 53-54; “Love’s Coming of Age: June 28, 1970,” GAY, 20 July 1970, 2; Jason Gould, “Out of the Closets, Into the Streets,” GAY, 20 July 1970, 4-7; Kay Tobin [Lahusen], “Thousands Take Part in Gay Marches,” GAY, 20 July 1970, 12; Nancy Tucker, “New York Has Largest Turnout, Longest Gay March,” The Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 1, 5; “Historic Day,” The Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 18; John LeRoy, “Toward a New Morality: The Challenge of Gay Liberation,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 10; Steve Kuromiya, “Come Out, Come Out, Wherever You Are!” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 6; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 9; “Extra! Gays March!” Gay Scene, July 1970, 2; “Gay Liberation Day,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1970, 17; “Gay Power News: New York,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 3, 12; “‘We Did It,’” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 8-9, 15; Cary Yurman, “We Broke the World’s Kissing Record!” GAY, 3 Aug. 1970, 8; Jim Owles, letter to the editor, Amsterdam News, 1 Aug. 1970, 16; Foster Gunnison, Jr., letter to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 18; “10,000 Homosexuals March in New York,” Detroit Liberator, Aug. 1970, 1; “Gay Pride Week USA,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1970, 1-2; “D.D.’s New York,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1970, 8; Robert Liechti, “Of the Day That Was and the Glory of It,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1970, 6-7; “After Gay Pride Day,” Mattachine Times, Aug. 1970, 10; “Joy in Mudville—Or Gay Marches On,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Aug. 1970, 1, 3; Drag Queens Demonstrate,” Drag (1.1), c. Aug. 1970, 5; letters to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 18; Two Lesbians, “Christopher Street Liberation Day,” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 19; Perry Brass, “We Did It!” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 11; Jeremiah, “The March,” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 11; “Gay Freedom 1970,” Queen’s Quarterly, Fall 1970, 8. [P]

 

28 June 1970: Christopher Street West Liberation Day parade in Los Angeles (1200-30,000 participants). Primary sources:  “Major L.A. Celebration Planned to Commemorate Christopher Street Riots,” Los Angeles Advocate, 10 June 1970, 3; Paul Houston, “Homosexuals Get ACLU Aid in Fight for Parade Permit,” Los Angeles Times, 13 June 1970, A1, back page; “L.A. to Celebrate Stonewall Anniversary,” GAY, 22 June 1970, 3; “Big L.A. Christopher St. W. Parade Planned,” Los Angeles Advocate, 24 June 1970, 1; “Homosexuals Stage Hollywood Parade,” Los Angeles Times, 29 June 1970, 3, 22; “Homosexuals Parade for Liberalization,” Napa Valley Reporter, 29 June 1970, 15; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Gay Power News: National,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Court Okays Christopher West Parade,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 1, 6; “Gay Pride,” TIME, 13 July 1970, 6; “Let’s Do It,” Newsweek, 13 July 1970; “Christopher West Pin Brings Lewdness Bust,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2; “Historic Day,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 18; “1200 Parade in Hollywood; Crowds Line Boulevard,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 1, 6; “Calls Hollywood Parade ‘Freak Show,’” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 18; Lyn Pedersen, “Christopher Street West,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 4-5; “Christopher Street West A Success—Troy Perry Arrested,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 3; “Gay Liberation Front,” Philadelphia Free Press, 27 July 1970, 9; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 4; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.21), c. July 1970, 3; letters to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 18; Morris Kight, Lee Heflin, and Geno Vezina “The Great Parade: Christopher Street West,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 51, 58, 59, 62; “Gays Parade Down Hollywood Blvd,” Detroit Liberator, Aug. 1970, 1; “Gay Pride Week USA,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1970, 1-2; “Around the World,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1970, 4; “Troy Perry Again Found Guilty in Retrial on Blocking Sidewalk,” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 2. [P]

 

28 June-7 July 1970: Ten-day gay vigil and fast at Federal Building in Los Angeles (400-500 participants; 3 arrests). Primary sources: “Rev. Perry Sets Fast for Gay Rights on Hollywood Blvd,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 1-2; Angela Douglas, “Gays Federal Fast,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 July 1970, 5; “Perry Busted As He, 7 Others Start Fast,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2, 7; “Christopher Street West A Success—Troy Perry Arrested,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 3; “Perry Ends Rights Fast; Success Indicated,” Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 1, 5; “Troy Perry Again Found Guilty in Retrial on Blocking Sidewalk,” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 2. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P]

 

4 July 1970: LGBT antiwar march in Provincetown, MA (150 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Liberation Front Joins March,” Californian (Salinas), 6 July 1970, 22; “Gay Antiwar March,” Los Angeles Times, 7 July 1970, 16; “Provincetown Council Denies Permit,” GAY, 13 July 1970, 3, 12; “Gay Groups March on Provincetown,” GAY, 27 July 1970, 3. [I]

 

14 July 1970: GLF-Ann Arbor demonstration at the Michigan Union. Primary sources: Hester Pulling, “GLF, SGC Hit Fleming, Demand Gay Conference,” Michigan Daily, 11 June 1970, 1; “You Probably Wonder Why We’re Here,” Ann Arbor Argus, 22 July 1970, 8. [U]

 

18 July 1970: First in a series of GLF-LA demonstrations to protest non-cooperation with gay pride march and discrimination against women at the Sewers of Paris. Primary sources: Ralph S. Schaffer, “GLF Hits Exploitation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 54, 62; “L.A. Gay Lib Pickets Theatre, Bar, Charging Community Exploited,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 3; “Picketing Off at L.A. Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 3; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 28 Sept. 1970, 8; “GLF Wins Touch Privileges at Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 5. [B] [Q]

 

19 July 1970: First in a series of GLF-LA demonstrations against antigay exploitation at the Park Theater. Primary sources: Ralph S. Schaffer, “GLF Hits Exploitation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 54, 62; “L.A. Gay Lib Pickets Theatre, Bar, Charging Community Exploited,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 3. [B] [M] [Q]

 

24-25 July 1970: GLF-Louisville demonstrations against antigay exploitation at Queen Bee (12-15 participants). Primary sources: “Louisville GLF Pickets Bar, Backs Suit,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 2; “Gay Lib in Louiville,” Free Press of Lousville, Aug. 1970;  “Louisville Bar Picketing Ends,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 9; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 28 Sept. 1970, 8. [B] [B] [Q] [Q]

 

25 July-15 August 1970: SIR, Tavern Guild, and GLF-SF daily demonstrations against bathroom arrests at Macy’s (15-50 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Warning,” Berkeley Barb, 3 July 1970, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Now at Macy’s—Tragicomic T-Room Crusade,” Berkeley Barb, 10 July 1970, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Macy’s Bitchy,” Berkeley Barb, 17 July 1970, 6; “S.F. Busts Fall; Macy’s Called Liar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 7; “Carrying the War to Macy’s,” Berkeley Barb, 31 July 1970, 4, 9; “Macy’s Arrests,” Daughters of Bilitis San Francisco Newsletter, 18 Aug. 1970, 3; “S.F. Gays Picket Macy’s over Busts,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 1; “Dept. Store Faggot,” Gay Sunshine, Aug. 1970, 3; Charles Lee, “Battle of the Busts in S.F.,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 1, 6; “San Francisco Gays Picket Macy’s,” GAY, 21 Sept. 1970, 3; Charles Lee, “Macy’s Talks, But Not Much,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 8; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times¸ Oct. 1970, 6; “Gay Coalition Confronts Macy’s,” Detroit Gay Liberator, Nov. 1970, 14; “S.F. Groups Calling for Macy’s Boycott,” The Advocate, 20 Jan. 1971, 2; “S.F. Gays Launch Big Macy’s Boycott,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 8; “Macy’s Security Chief Indicted, Fired for Taping Employe Conversations,” The Advocate, 13 Feb. 1974, 21. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O]

 

31 July 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation and Chicago Gay Liberation Black Caucus demonstration against racism at the Normandy Bar. Primary sources: “Bull from the Bar,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 3; Bob Stanley, “Homophile Homephront,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 10. [B] [Q]

 

5 August 1970: GAA-NY demonstration (with support by DOB-NY) to support the “Rockefeller Five” and criticize Governor Nelson Rockefeller at the Criminal Court building and Foley Square Park (50 participants). Primary sources: Cary Yurman, “GAA Plans Rockefeller Rally,” GAY, 3 Aug. 1970, 3; Leo Louis Martello, “N.Y. Primary A Victory for Gays,” Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 2; Cary Yurman, “GAA Protests Rocky’s Silence,” GAY, 24 Aug. 1970, 3, 12; “Rockefeller 5 to Stand Trial,” GAY, 28 Sept. 1970, 12; “The Rockefeller Five and Gay Protest,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 3-4; “Rockefeller 5 Trial Postponed,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970, 3. [N] [E]

 

7-15 August 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation daily demonstrations against antigay discrimination at Astro Restaurant (35 participants). Primary sources: David Thierry, “Brother Puts Gay Lib Down,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 6; Robert Stanley, “Gays Picket Restaurant,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 9; “Gay Legal Action Taken Against Astro,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 1; Bob Stanley, “Homophile Homefront,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 10; Richard Chinn, “Brother Defends Gay Lib Tactics,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 11, 12. [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B]

 

8 August 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation participation in Hiroshima Day march and rally (20 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Lib Joins in Hiroshima Day Parade,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 1-2. [I]

 

15 August 1970: Christopher Street West Committee protest against police entrapment practices in bathrooms at May Co. department store in Los Angeles. Primary sources: “Gays Picket L.A.’s May Co. over Arrests,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sept. 1970, 6; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times¸ Oct. 1970, 6. [O] [B]

 

15 August 1970: LGBT guerilla theater protests at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (25 participants). Primary sources: Bill Alterman, “Gay Lib Groups Hold State Conference in SAB,” Michigan Daily, 18 Aug. 1970, 1. [U]

 

16 August 1970: Folsom Street Age of Aquarius march in San Francisco (500 participants). Primary sources: “San Francisco to Celebrate Gay Pride,” GAY, 10 Aug. 1970, 3; “Dawning of the Age of Aquarius,” SIR Insider, 12 Aug. 1970, 10; Peter Stack, “‘Miracle Mile’ Revelry: Parading in a New Age,” San Francisco Chronicle, 17 Aug. 1970, 5; “Aquarian Birthday Girl,” Berkeley Barb, 21 Aug. 1970, 7; Lou Greene, “Around Town: Parades, Polk and a Pool,” Vector, Oct. 1970, 18. [P]

 

26-29 August 1970: Lesbian feminist and gay liberation protests at North American Conference of Homophile Organizations meeting in San Francisco. Primary sources: Rob Cole, “Old, New Ideas Tangle at NACHO Convention,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 1-2, 6-7, 12, 23; Jim Kepner, “Angles on the News,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 2; “W. Conf’nce Echoes NACHO,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 2; “Not Right On!” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 18; “NACHO Generates Controversy,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sept. 1970, 1, 7; “To the Friends of ONE,” ONE Letter, Sept. 1970, 1-5; Rob Cole, “NACHO ‘Liberated’ On Final Day,” Los Angeles Advocate, 12 Oct. 1970, 8, 11; “Radicals Invade S.I.R. Center at National Gay Conference,” Vector, Oct. 1970, 14, 15, 40; D. L., “N.A.C.H.O. 70 - San Francisco: From N.Y. Mattachine Times,” Gay Sunshine, Oct. 1970, 18; Del Martin, “Columnist Resigns, Blasts Male Chauvinism,” Vector, Oct. 1970, 35-37, 53;  William B. Kelley, “Conflict May Improve NACHO,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 14. [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

27 August 1970: Gay Student Liberation demonstration to protest rejection of gay dance permit at New York University (300 participants). Primary sources: B. Ryan, “Gay Protests Keep N.Y.C. Police Busy,” Gay Scene, Sept. 1970, 3. [U]

 

29-30 August 1970: GAA-NY and GLF-NY demonstration and march from Times Square to the Women’s House of Detention to protest police harassment and violence (2000 participants, 18 arrests). Primary sources: Frank Prial, “Protest March by Homosexuals Sparks Disturbance in ‘Village,’” New York Times, 30 Aug. 1970, 49; “‘Gay Ghettos’ Seen As Police Targets,” New York Times, 31 Aug. 1970, 28; “Gay Lib Parade A Riot in Village,” New York Daily News, 31 Aug. 1970, 34 or 36; Daniel O’Grady and Paul Meskil, “Cops Will Go 2 by 2 in Dark of Our Jungle,” New York Daily News, 31 Aug. 1970; “‘Gay Power’ Rally Ends in Near-Riot,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 31 Aug. 1970, 8; “Gay Insurrection,” Philadelphia Free Press, 31 Aug. 1970, 13; “We’re Fighting Back!” Gay Flames, 1 Sept. 1970, 1-2; Howard Blum, “Gays Take on the Cops: From Rage to Madness,” Village Voice, 3 Sept. 1970, 3, 42; A Radicalesbian, “We’re Not Angry, We’re Gay,” Rat, 11 Sept. 1970, 3; A Flaming Faggot, “We’re Not Gay, We’re Angry,” Rat, 11 Sept. 1970, 3, 27; “New Gay Riots Erupt in Greenwich Village,” GAY, 21 Sept. 1970, 1, 16; “1000 Gays Riot in New York,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 1, 10; B. Ryan, “Gay Protests Keep N.Y.C. Police Busy,” Gay Scene, Sept. 1970, 3; Martha Shelley, “Gays Riot Again!” Come Out!, Sept. 1970, 3. [J] [J] [O] [O]

 

29 August-10 September 1970: Gay Camp-In at Yokut Group Camp on the Kern River in California. Primary sources: “Gay Camp In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 24 Apr. 1970, 28; “Don Jackson, “Camp-In Progress Report,” Gay Power (1.16), c. April 1970, 8; “Gay Lib Camp-In,” Berkeley Barb, 5 June 1970, 7; “Come Out!” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 27; “Gay Lib ‘Camp-In’ Permit Is Revoked,” San Francisco Chronicle, 27 June 1970, 3; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Gays’ Camp Banned,” Berkeley Barb, 3 July 1970, 7; “Gays Comp On,” Berkeley Barb, 28 Aug. 1970, 9; “Sequoia National Forest,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1970, 3. [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G] [G]

 

5 September 1970: GLF-LA Gay-In at Griffith Park (700 participants). Primary sources: “Bar Police Harassment of Gay-In, Court Asked,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 September 1970, 3; “GLF of L.A. Sues Police,” GAY, 7 Sept. 1970, 12; “Cops Fade Out at Gayest Gay-In,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 3; “Court Rejects GLF Plea to Bar Gay-In Harassment,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 3; “4^th Gay-In in Park Set by GLF/LA,” The Advocate, 14 Apr. 1971, 5. [G]

 

7 September 1970: “Gay Is Love” Labor Day march in Provincetown (125-150 participants). Primary sources: “March in Mecca,” The Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 1; “Groups Show Unity in New England March,” The Advocate, 30 Sept. 1970, 3; “‘Gay Is Love’ in Provincetown Parade,” GAY, 12 Oct. 1970, 1, 3; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times, Oct. 1970, 6. [P]

 

8, 12, 13, and 19 September 1970: GLF-LA demonstrations at the Farm to protest “no touching” and “no kissing” policy. Primary sources: “Los Angeles Bar Picketed by GLF,” Los Angeles Advocate, 14 Oct. 1970, 5; Mike Merry, “Farm Animals,” Gay Sunshine, Oct. 1970, 2-3. [B] [B] [B] [B] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

11, 12, 18, and 19 September 1970: GLF-Berkeley demonstrations at the White Horse Inn (50 participants, 2 arrests). Primary sources: “Unusual Services Cap Victory over Berkeley Gay Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 9; “Ruthie & Joe,” Gay Sunshine, Oct. 1970, 2-3; “GLF Pickets Bar—Raises Demands,” Detroit Gay Liberator, Nov. 1970, 14; Konstantin, “White Horse Is A Dead Horse,” Gay Sunshine, Nov. 1970, 12. [B] [B] [B] [B] [Q] [Q] [Q] [Q]

 

19 September 1970: Chicago Gay Liberation participation in Movement for a Democratic Military rally and festival in Foss Park (8 participants). Primary sources: “GLF Mans Booth at Navy Base,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 9, 11. [I]

 

20 September 1970: Beginning of weeklong Gay Student Liberation demonstrations and sit-ins to protest rejection of gay dance permit at New York University (100-400 participants). Primary sources: Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 14 Sept. 1970, 4; “100 in N.Y.U. Sit-In Charge Bias Against Homosexuals,” New York Times, 21 Sept. 1970, 26; “400 in ‘Gay’ Protest Dispersed by Police,” New York Times, 26 Sept. 1970, 22; Jay Levin, “Sad End for Dorm Gay Gala,” New York Post, 26 Sept. 1970, 13; “N.Y.U. Zaps Gays,” Mattachine Times, Sept. 1970, 1-2; B. Ryan, “Gay Protests Keep N.Y.C. Police Busy,” Gay Scene, Sept. 1970, 3; “Battles Go On,” Gay Flames, no. 4, c. Sept. 1970, 1, 2; “Out of the Closets and into the Subcellar,” Rat, 6 Oct. 1970, 25; Arthur Bell, “Sylvia Goes to College: ‘Gay Is Proud’ at NYU,” Village Voice, 15 Oct. 1970, 61; “NYU Sit-Ins Make Demands,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970; “Demonstrators Challenge New York University Policies,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 1; “NYU. Students Support Gay Sit-In 2 to 1,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 1; Ellen Broidy, “Gay Action N.Y.U,” Come Out!, Dec. 1970, 4; “Sexism in the Schools,” Gay Dealer, c. Dec. 1970, 4, 5. [U] [U] [U] [U] [U] [U] [U]

 

22 September 1970: GLF-Louisville demonstration at speech by Vice President Spiro Agnew (9 participants). Primary sources: “Hey Kids!” Free Press of Louisville, 3 Sep. 1970; “GLF Helps Protest Spiro,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 2. [E]

 

5 October 1970: Gay Student Liberation demonstrations at New York University and Bellevue Hospital (60 participants). Primary sources: “Out of the Closets and into the Subcellar,” Rat, 6 Oct. 1970, 25; Arthur Bell, “Sylvia Goes to College: ‘Gay Is Proud’ at NYU,” Village Voice, 15 Oct. 1970, 61; “NYU Sit-Ins Make Demands,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970; “Demonstrators Challenge New York University Policies,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 1; “NYU. Students Support Gay Sit-In 2 to 1,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 1; Ellen Broidy, “Gay Action N.Y.U,” Come Out!, Dec. 1970, 4; “Sexism in the Schools,” Gay Dealer, c. Dec. 1970, 4, 5; “T.V. Guide,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 6. [U] [S]

 

14 October 1970: GLF-NY participation in demonstration in support of Angela Davis at Federal Courthouse (8 participants). Primary sources: “Comies Freak Out Pinko Queers,” Come Out!, Dec. 1970, 3. [N]

 

15 October 1970: GLF-Cornell demonstration against antigay policies at Morrie’s bar (300 participants). Primary sources: “Cornell GLF Forces Ithaca Bar to Serve Gays,” Los Angeles Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 5; “Cornell U. GLF Holds Sit-In,” GAY, 21 Dec. 1970, 1, 12; “Sit-In,” Detroit Gay Liberator, Jan. 1971, 5; Patrick Doyle, “Ithaca Gays: Unbloodied, Unbowed,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 20. [B]

 

16 October 1970: GLF-NY, GAA-NY, and Gay People at Columbia kiss-in at Gold Rail Bar (25 participants). Primary sources: “Bar in N.Y. ‘Liberated’ by Gay Kiss-In,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 3; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 6. [B]

 

17 October 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against aversion therapy at Behavioral Modification Conference (40-50 participants). Primary sources: “Psychologists Get Gay Lib ‘Therapy,’” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 1, 8; Ron Moskowitz, “Advice for Teachers: The Homosexual Pupil,” San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Nov. 1970, 6; Don Jackson, “Dachau in America,” Gay Sunshine, Nov. 1970, 20; Tony DeRosa, “Los Angeles Gays Invade Psychologists Conference: ‘Guinea Pigs’ Rise Up in Protest,” GAY, 7 Dec. 1970, 1, 12, 16; “Koncentration Kamp for Gays,” Gay Flames, 14 Dec. 1970, 3; “Mental Health Group Mans the Barricades,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 3. [S]

 

23 October 1970: GLF-NY, GAA-NY, RL-NY, STAR, HAL, Gay Youth, MSNY, and Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee participation in protest at court date for DOB-NY leader Ruth Simpson. Primary sources: “Police Harass DOB,” Gay Flames, Oct. 1970, 5; “Policemen at D.O.B.,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Nov. 1970, 1; “Back to the Closet?,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Nov. 1970, 2; “Police Raid DOB, Arrest Two,” Gay – Women’s Liberation Front Newsletter c. Nov. 1970, 1. [N] [O]

 

23 October 1970: GLF-NY demonstration to protest anti-lesbian harassment at the Finale Restaurant (40-70 participants). Primary sources: “Curtain’s Up on Finale’s Closet,” Gay Flames, 14 Nov. 1970, 3. [B]

 

27 October 1970: GAA-NY demonstration and sit-in to protest antigay essay published by Harper’s (50-100 participants). Primary sources: Joseph Epstein, “Homo/Hetero: The Struggle for Sexual Identity,” Harper’s, Sept. 1970, 37-51; “Gay Alliance Takes over Harper’s Offices,” Los Angeles Times, 28 Oct. 1970, 10; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times¸ Oct. 1970, 6; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 9 Nov. 1970, 10; “Happy Homos Hit Harpers,” Gay Flames, 14 Nov. 1970, 7; “Harper’s ‘Offending’ Author Speaks to Gay,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 3; Leo Skir, “Breakfast at Harper’s: An Inside View of a Sit-In,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 2, 10; “GAA Zaps Harper’s Magazine,” Los Angeles Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 1, 8; “Zapping Harper’s Magazine,” Publishers’ Weekly, 30 Nov. 1970, 14; “Gay News & Reviews,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, 26 Dec. 1970, 1; Merle Miller, “What It Means To Be a Homosexual,” Philadelphia Inquirer Magazine, 28 Feb. 1971, 12-17, 32. [M]

 

28 October 1970: GAA-NY zap of Mayor Lindsay at Imperial Theatre. Primary sources: “G.A.A. Zaps Lindsay,” GAY, 12 Oct. 1970, 1, 3; “Mayor Lindsay at the Opera,” GAY, 12 Oct. 1970, 3. [E] [M]

 

31 October 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against anti-touching rules at several bars, including New Generation, Stampede, and Hub (100 participants). Primary sources: “GLF Wins Touch Privileges at Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 5. [B] [Q]

 

31 October 1970: GLF participation in San Francisco antiwar demonstration. Primary sources: “Small Anti-war March Held,” The Daily Californian, 2 Nov. 1970, 1. [I]

 

31 October 1970: LGBT participation in antiwar demonstration and march in Detroit. Primary sources: “Gays Against the War,” Detroit Gay Liberator, Dec. 1970, 8. [I]

 

October 1970: GAA-NY zaps of Mayor Lindsay at New York University antiwar rally and New York City Cultural Council benefit. Primary sources: Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970, 8; Charlotte Curtis, “Cultural Gala: Diamonds and Pickets,” New York Times, 30 Oct. 1970, 25; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times¸ Oct. 1970, 6; “Lindsay and Wife Zapped by Gay Activists,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 1; “John Lindsay: Our Friend?” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 2. [E] [E] [I] [M] [U]

 

3 November 1970: GLF-NY participation in New Haven Black Panther rally in support of Black Panthers Bobby Seale and Ericka Huggins, on trial for murder. Primary sources: “75 Leary Masks Donned at Rally,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 4 Nov. 1970, 23. [J]

 

7 November 1970: GLF-Detroit demonstration at Michigan Episcopal Diocese convention and Episcopal Church service (15-20 participants). Primary sources: Hiley H. Ward, “Gay Libs Rout Parley at Church,” Detroit Free Press, 8 Nov. 1970, 1A, 9A; “Gay Front Halts Church Meeting,” Washington Post, 9 Nov. 1970, C7; “GLF Confronts Emrich,” Fifth Estate, 12 Nov. 1970, 11; Audis E. Lampman, letter to the editor, Detroit Free Press, 17 Nov. 1970, 4A; Ken Dudley, letter to the editor, Fifth Estate, 26 Nov. 1970, 23; “Emrich: Why He Shut Out the Gay Libs,” Detroit Free Press, 28 Nov. 1970, 4A; Jim Toy, “Make No Peace with Oppression,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1970, 1, 14; John Kavanaugh, “Episcopal Church Hard to Swallow,” Gay Liberator, Dec. 1970, 3, 10. [R]

 

11 November 1970: GLF-DC demonstration at Catholic University conference (35 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Front Halts Church Meeting,” Washington Post, 9 Nov. 1970, C7; Ivan G. Goldman, “Gay Front Invades CU Conference,” Washington Post, 12 Nov. 1970, B5; Jim Toy, “Make No Peace with Oppression,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1970, 1, 14; “Gays Tell It Like It Is at Catholic Seminar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 9 Dec. 1970, 7; Randolfe Wicker, “Demonstrators Claim: ‘God Is Gay,’” GAY, 21 Dec. 1970, 1, 3. [R] [U]

 

18 November 1970: GLF participation in rally at California State Capitol in Sacramento in support of prisoners’ strike at Folsom Penitentiary. Primary sources: Phil Gray, “Hayden Speaks in Support of Folsom Prison Strikers,” Pony Express (Sacramento), 2 Dec. 1970, 3. [J]

 

20 November 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against aversion therapy at National Association for Mental Health convention (30-70 participants). Primary sources: “Psychologists Get Gay Lib ‘Therapy,’” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 1, 8; Ron Moskowitz, “Advice for Teachers: The Homosexual Pupil,” San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Nov. 1970, 6; Don Jackson, “Dachau in America,” Gay Sunshine, Nov. 1970, 20; Tony DeRosa, “Los Angeles Gays Invade Psychologists Conference: ‘Guinea Pigs’ Rise Up in Protest,” GAY, 7 Dec. 1970, 1, 12, 16; “Koncentration Kamp for Gays,” Gay Flames, 14 Dec. 1970, 3; “Mental Health Group Mans the Barricades,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 3. [S]

 

20 November 1970: Gay GHOSTS (Gay Hospital Orderlies to Stop Torture) demonstration at St. Patrick’s Cathedral against electroshock therapy at Bellevue Hospital (10 participants). Primary sources: Randolfe Wicker, “Demonstrations Claim: ‘God Is Gay,’” GAY, 21 Dec. 1970, 1, 3. [R] [S]

 

21 November 1970: Gay Liberation Front-Tallahassee gay-in at Seminole Reservation, a Florida State University recreation area (40 participants). Primary sources: “First Regional Gay-In Seeks New Life-Style,” David, Dec. 1970, 2; “GLF Tallahassee Calls for Support,” David, Jan. 1971, 3. [G]

 

28 November 1970: GLF protest at Zephyr Restaurant during Black Panthers Revolutionary People’s Constitutional Convention in DC (30-50 participants; 12 arrests). Primary sources: “Chaos Marks Panther Meet,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 8; “Zapping the Zephyr,” Gay Dealer, c. Dec. 1970, 20; Nick Benton, “Bar Fight Erupts on Weekend,” GAY, 18 Jan. 1971, 3, 12; “All the News That Fits Our Print,” Mattachine Times, Jan. 1971, 13; Ken Dudley, “Gay Power: D.C. Dozen,” Detroit Gay Liberator, Jan. 1971, 3; “D.C. Twelve,” Gay Sunshine, Jan. 1971, 13; “D.C. 12,” Gay Flames, 12 Feb. 1971, 2; Nancy Tucker, “Plus One Gets Zapped,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 9; “Trial of ‘D.C. 12’—Its Importance to Gays,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Feb. 1971, 7, 9, 11; “Plus One Picket,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 10; Tom Brougham, “DC 12 Charges Dropped,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 11; Tony Jackubosky, “Gay Bar Charged with Black/Female Bias,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 12; “Progress Noted in D.C. Bar Talks,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 5; “DC 12 Charges Dropped,” Gay Sunshine, c. Mar. 1971, 11; “The D.C. 12 Trial—And A Personal Statement,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Mar. 1971, 5-6; “DC-12,” Brother, Apr. 1971, 2, 11; “D.C. Health Club under Attack,” GAY, 25 Oct. 1971, 1, 16; Perrin Shaffer and Randy Dowling, “Gay Racial Controversy Rages in Nation’s Capitol,” GAY, 22 Nov. 1971, 6; “Washington Pickets Says Bar Bans Blacks,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 6; Cliff Witt, letter to the editor, GAY, 20 Dec. 1971, 16; “Picketed Washington Bar Opens Negotiations,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 9; “Compromise Settles D.C. Bar Bias Dispute,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 19; Perrin Shaffer, “D.C. Bar Settles Dispute,” GAY, 1 May 1972, 3. [B]

 

18 December 1970: GLF-LA demonstration against Air Force rejection of discharge for gay man at Edwards Air Force Base. Primary sources: “Demonstrations Seek Airman Discharge,” The Advocate, 6 Jan. 1971, 7; “Gay Airman Aided by GLF May Get Quick Discharge,” The Advocate, 20 Jan. 1971, 3. [I]

 

December 1970: Cockettes protest at Grace Cathedral in San Francisco. Primary sources: Sister Cocaine, “Vatican Rags at Grace Cathedral,” Gay Sunshine, Jan. 1971, 14. [R]