Regal Theater [Chicago Historical Society]
The Nightlife in Bronzeville [Chicago Historical Society]
45th Street [Chicago Historical Society]
Leo, 18, “I decided that I could act as I wished among the faggots, but among the straight people I had to act reserve. I have always swished quite a bit, and with Jam people I tried to act more manly but I was conscious of myself with Jam people. I…
“When they want to get married they go to a bull diggars ball, a bulldiggars marries them, put a mark or the fag, and they tells her next husband how many times she has been married. […] The women fucker, she fucks women like men, if she fucks your…
Lester, 16, recalled he “would walk down the street in [his mother’s] clothes and the boys would say “what a sissy!” “I would get mad and would say: “I am not a sissy!” I am just a boy that likes to wear women’s clothes.” It made me very mad.”…
The boys always called ma a sissy. Although I was not dressed as a girl, when my mother was away, I would put on my mothers clothes. My relatives and other people said that I looked like a girl. I swished very much as a child by my mother broke me of…
University of Chicago Sociology Professor Ernest Burgess encouraged his students to analyze the experiences of African American homosexuals on the South Side throughout the 1930s. [Courtesy of the University of Chicago - Regenstein Library]
Blues Singer Lucille Bogan
Blues Singer Bessie Smith
Blues Singer Ma Rainey
In 1928, Gertrude ‘Ma’ Rainey, a South Side resident, stated in a song she wrote - entitled “Prove it on Me Blues" - that “she [wore] a collar an tie,” and “talk[ed] to the gals just like any old man.”
Gladys Bentley was frequently harassed for wearing men's clothing.
Often dressed in men's clothes, Gladys Bentley played the piano and sang her own raunchy lyrics to popular tunes, while flirting with women in the audience.
In “Sissy Man Blues,” a traditional tune recorded by numerous male blues singers, the singer demanded, “If you can’t bring a woman, bring me a sissy man.”
Alberta Hunter, who was very popular in South Side cabarets and lived in Bronzeville in the 1920s, recorded several queer-themed songs.
Vice Commission of Chicago, The Social Evil in Chicago: A Study of Existing Conditions
Map of the Levee District. [Source: Chicago Historical Society (ICHi-37088).]
Tony Jackson's draft card. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration.]
Tony Jackson's draft card shows his birth date and his employer of the time "The Pekins Theater." [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration.]