1849: Herman Melville's novel Redburn: His First Voyage is first published. Jonathan Ned Katz analyzed that novel in an essay first published in The Village Voice Literary Supplement in April 1982, and republished on OutHistory.org. Katz notes that in this novel "equivocal lusts are hinted at in descriptions of half a dozen sailors." For example, take "Lavender."

• Lavender, the steward on the Highlander, is a "handsome dandy mulatto," who was once a barber on West Broadway. His name, it seems, derives not only from his past occupation of haircutter, but from certain other peculiarities. Lavender keeps his own hair "well perfumed with Cologne," and sometimes sports "a gorgeous turban," and an "uncommon large pursy [fat] ring on his forefinger with something he called a real diamond in it." He reads sentimental, romantic novels and carries a lock of hair which he shows to sympathetic viewers, "with his handkerchief to his eyes."

•The ship's black cook, a religious man reads the Bible to Lavender, "whom he knew to be a sad profligate and gay deceiver ashore addicted to every youthful indiscretion." The word "gay" was not yet used in America in reference to a specifically same-sex lust, but did denote an illicit underworld of Victorian sexuality. Lavender admits to the Bible-toting cook that "he was a wicked youth." He "had broken a good many hearts," and left many "weeping for him." (The sex of those sad lovers is, significantly, never specified.) But he is not responsible for this emotional devastation: he had not created "his handsome face, and fine head of hair, and graceful figure." Those who fell in love with him were to blame for his indiscretions, "for his bewitching person turned all heads, and subdued all hearts, wherever he went." Looking "serious and penitent," Lavender would then glance in the mirror, fix his hair, "and see how his whiskers were coming on." Lavender's clothes and manners, and Melville's reticence about the sex of his lovers, suggest that this is one of the first American portraits of an effeminate black sodomite. (This is also the earliest known portrait of the sodomite as hairdresser.)

It's also an early image of one of the ships' stewards studied later by Allan Bérubé in a public lecture presented on OutHistory.org at: http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/no-baiting Bérubé 's research on the Marine Cooks and Stewards Union is published in My Desire for History: Essays in Gay, Community, and Labor History (The University of North Carolina Press, June 1, 2011).  Also see: "Melville's Secret Sex Text" at: http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/katz-writing-work/katz-melville

1938: This year the Food Trades Vocational High School was established at 208 West 13th Street, in Greenwich Village, in New York City, the building that now houses New York’s LGBT Center. In '38 it housed a model butcher shop, bakery, cafeteria and grocery store where 300 students learned to be butchers, bakers, cafeteria workers, tea room hostesses and store clerks. “Actual sales are to be made; this is not to be a ‘doll house’ type of store that children set up on the sidewalk in play,” The New York Times reported. One of the School's graduates was Raymond Castro, a participant in the Stonewall Riots, in 1969. Castro, from a Puerto Rican family, studied baking at the Food Trades Vocational High School. After graduating, he got a scholarship that paid for his bakers’ union membership, and started working at Ebinger’s, in Flatbush, Brooklyn. He then moved to Selden, L.I., and worked at Entenmann’s Bakery for 17 years, later at Publix Bakery. Sources: For Raymond Castro see: Jonathan Ned Katz, "Interview with Raymond Castro," http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/stonewall-riot-police-reports/contents/interview-raymond-castro  For the history o 208 West 13th St. see: David W. Dunlap, "A 25-Year-Old Gay Landmark, Built Before the Civil War," New York Times, July 8, 2008, 2:07 PM. Accessed April 30, 2017 from: https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/08/a-25-year-old-gay-landmark-built-before-the-civil-war/comment-page-2/  

1954: Toklas, Alice B. The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook. Copyright 1954 by Alice B. Toklas. Republsihed: Harper and Row, 1984.

1962: Bradshaw, George, and Ruth Norman. Cook Until Done. (M. Barrows & Co.; Book Club edition edition 1962). Norman was the partner of play producer Cheryl Crawford. Accessed April 28, 2017 from: https://www.amazon.com/Cook-until-Done-Collection-Unexpected/dp/B002MXMHA4/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1493317099&sr=1-1  

1964: Beard, James. Delights and Prejudices (Atheneum,1964). Note his use of the term "gay."

1965: Flanner, Janet (Genet). Paris Journal, 1944-1965. (NY: Atheneum, 1st edition 1965).

1965/9: Hogan, Lou Rand. The Gay Cookbook (Los Angeles: Sherbourne, Fall 1965; NY: Bell, 1965).

1965/12/1: Advertisement for Hogan's The Gay Cookbook. New York TImes, p. ?.

1966/1/21: "The Homosexual in America." Time, January 21, 1966. Mentions The Gay Cookbook.

1966/2/4: Death of Lucious Beebe. Wikipedia: Beebe (December 9, 1902 – February 4, 1966) was an American author, gourmand, photographer, railroad historian, journalist, and syndicated columnist. In 1940, Beebe met Charles Clegg while both were houseguests at the Washington, D.C., home of Evalyn Walsh McLean. The two soon developed a personal and professional relationship that continued for the rest of Beebe's life. By the standards of the era, the romantic relationship Beebe and Clegg shared was relatively open and well-known. Previously, Beebe had been involved with society photographer Jerome Zerbe. Obituaries of Beebe?

1970: Austen, Howard, and Beverly Pepper. The Myra Breckinridge Cookbook (NY: Little, Brown and Company, 1970. Austen was Gore Vidal's longtime partner.

1970/1: Eng, Esther. Death: January, 1970. A butch, lesbian movie producer and restaurateur, owner of Bobo’s in NYC Chinatown. OutHistory.org includes Jonathan Ned Katz's story about encountering Eng when he was a child; see: Esther Eng: Filmmaker, Restaurateur, Gender Rebel by Christianne A. Gadd  http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/esther-eng/essay. Also see: Wikipedia: She was recognized as a female pioneer who crossed the boundaries of race, language, culture and gender. Accessed April 28, 2017 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Eng    Obituaries?

1970/12/10: Death of Thelma Ellen Wood. (July 3, 1901 – December 10, 1970). Wikipedia: accessed April 30, 2017 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelma_Wood

1972: Flanner, Janet (Genet). Paris Was Yesterday, 1925-1939. NY: Viking Press, 1972. 

1972: Weinstein, Jeff, starts reviewing restaurants for the San Diego Reader. He says: "I was out in a public way that year, but can't recall if I was out in any of my reviews." (Weinstein to Jonathan Ned Katz, May 5, 2017.)

1976: Death of Lou Rand Hogan. Obituaries?

1977-1979: Jeff Weinstein is restaurant critic at New York City's Soho Weekly News, and was "out" as gay in print. (Weinstein to Jonathan Ned Katz, May 5, 2017.) Weinstein was probably the first openly gay restauarant reviewer.

1977/12/28. "Ruth Norman" [obituary]. New York Times, December 28, 1977. [Entire obit:] "Ruth Norman, a cooking authority, died Monday of a heart ailment at Suffolk County Hospital in Riverhead, LI. She was 74 years old and lived at 400 East 524 Street, Manhattan and in Bridgehampton. [New paragraph] Miss Norman was the co‐author with George Bradshaw of a book, “Cook Until Done,” and had been affiliated for 10 years with the James Beard Cooking School at 119 West 10th Street. She had owned and managed Bon Appetit, a restaurant, in Westport, Conn., where she had lived for many years. [New paragraph] Surviving is a sister, Martha Schmidt."

1979-1995: Jeff Weinstein is restaurant reviewer for The Village Voice, in New York City and was "out" as gay in print. (Weinstein to Jonathan Ned Katz, May 5, 2017.)

1981/6: Leed, Rick. Dinner for Two: The Gay Sunshine Cookbook (Bookpeople; 1st edition June 1981). Accessed April 28, 2017 from: https://www.amazon.com/Dinner-Two-Gay-Sunshine-Cookbook/dp/0917342860

1982: Claiborne, Craig. A Feast Made for Laughter (NY: Henry Holt & Co., 1982). From Wikipedia: In his autobiography . . . Claiborne described a bizarre, almost Faulknerian, childhood and adolescence in small-town Mississippi where he was mocked by schoolmates for his meek temperament and dislike of sports and had explicit sexual contact with his own father on at least one occasion. His mother was a warm and very genteel Southern lady, but doting and often overprotective of her young son.

1982/7: The Village Voice was the first employer in the nation to provide domestic partner benefits to the unionized staff, under the leadership of then staff restaurant reviewer Jeff Weinstein. Weinstein recalls: "I had proposed such coverage before I was a staffer, sometime in the late '70s (I was a freelance copy editor for the Voice at the same time I was a staffer at the Soho News.) Then I brought the concept to the bargaining table (against owner Rupert Murdoch) when I was shop steward for the bargaining unit freelancers, and we won "spouse equivalent" health coverage for unmarried same-sex and hetero couples in July, 1982. . . . I worked for a decade at least promoting this coverage and the concept on TV, radio, and in print." (Weinstein to Jonathn Ned Katz, May 5, 2017. Alisa Solomon, "Our Hearts Were Yooung and Gay," Village Voice website: October 18, 2005 AT 4 A.M. accessed April 28, 2017 from:  http://www.villagevoice.com/news/our-hearts-were-young-and-gay-6401734) 

1982/10/5: Weinstein, Jeff. "Style, Though Your Heart Is Breaking,” The Village Voice, October 5, 1982. Review of Chiaki, on Third Avenue, in Murray Hill. Included in Weinstein's book, Learning To Eat (Sun & Moon, 1988). Weinstein recalls that a few of his reviews in The Voice did express the "reviewer's gay sensibility," specifying the one above "about a highly designed place." (Weinstein to Jonathan Ned Katz, May 5, 2017.)

1983/3/8: Weinstein, Jeff. "Only Connect," The Village Voice, March 8, 1983. Weinstein recalls: "reviewing the Bridge Cafe, I mentioned a march for NYC gay rights and the [nearby] Brooklyn Bridge. I think I quoted Vladimir Mayakovsky's 1925 masterwork "Brooklyn Bridge." And of course the head is E.M. Forster. Walt showed up in a number of my food pieces." (Weinstein to Jonathan Ned Katz, May 5, 2017.) 

1983/5/1: Founding of National Writers Union, for freelancers, New York City. Jeff Weinstein, Village Voice restaurant reviewer, and his late husband John Perreault were among the founding members (as was Jonathan Ned Katz). (Josh Martin, "US gets its first union for writers." The Christian Science Monitor, May 16, 1983. http://www.csmonitor.com/1983/0516/051643.html )

1984: Toklas, Alice B. The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook. Copyright 1954 by Alice B. Toklas. Reprinted NY: Harber and Row, 1984.

1984/4/1: Weinstein, Jeff. "Gay Food: Thoughts to Digest," The Advocate, May 1, 1984. Weinstein recalls: "It was the cover story (!), with a silly deck: "If You Knew What It Was Would You Eat It?" It was an exercise in teasing out the topic." He quotes the article: "Some like to play the game of trying to identify gay restaurants. In order to do this you must be able to identify gay people, gay style or gay food. Good luck." He adds: "The late Mark Thompson was culture editor and assigned it. . . . I'm attaching a photo of the cover: I keep everything. And yes, I did talk about 'fairy pudding,' tuna casserole, dirt cheap and made on forbidden hotplates at the Y. And yes, "The entree that dare not speak its name." (Weinstein to Jonathan Ned Katz, May 5, 2017.)

1984/12/23: Jeremy Iggers, "Food writer [Pierre] Franey at Pinnacle of career." Knight-Ridder Newspapers. The Day (New London, CT), December 23, 1984. "Franey still regards [the openly gay Craig] Claiborne as a friend, but in the last few years, he said, the two men have become less close. . . .

There are no doubt several reasons, but Franey is quick to mention Claiborne's 1982 autobiography, "A Feast Made for Laughter," in which Clairborne disclosed his homosexuality.

Gossip abounds in the food world, and in the wake of Claiborne's revelations there was speculation about the Claiborne-Franey relationship."

"I am not gay," said Franey emphatically. "Everybody thinks I am gay because Craig is, but I am not gay."

The history of men feeling the need to assert their heterosexuality is a fascinating study. (See Katz, "The Invention of Heterosexuality [1995].) The Iggers report was accessed April 28, 2017 from: http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19841223&id=xzdSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XjYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1470,5150954

1985/1/21: Death of James Beard. Wikipedia, accessed April 28, 2017 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard  Obituaries?

1986: God's Love We Deliver is co-founded in 1986 by Ganga Stone and Jane Best. It is an American non-profit organization which cooks and home-delivers nutritious, individually tailored meals to people in the New York City area living with severe illness. It began during the AIDS crisis, with meals delivered by bicycle, were donated by about fifty restaurants. Accessed May 1, 2017 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s_Love_We_Deliver

1986/6: Noonan, Bode. Red Beans and Rice: Recipes for Lesbian Health & Wisdom (Crossing Press, June, 1986).

1988/4: Weinstein, Jeff. Learning To Eat (Sun & Moon Press, April 1988). Includes reprint of "Only Connect," The Village Voice, March 8, 1983, described above. Publishers' Weekly commented: "Meat loaf as served in a church soup kitchen is the lone recipe here, and a perfect example of Weinstein's unusual perspective. In this collection of his Village Voice restaurant reviews, the antiestablishment epicure does much more than recite and rank menus. He reflects on the relationship between words and food (only similes and metaphors, he concludes, can bridge the gap); faults restaurants for their politics ("The institution of tipping and the economic relations it reflects is immoral"); takes colleagues to task ("Why don't restaurant reviewers write more about being waited on?"); and braves American Airlines cappuccino. . . ." The review quotes Weinstein: "ice cream will flourish anywhere; it's the cockroach of foods" and ends: "few food writers share his roving intellectual appetite."

1994/5/27: Chauncey, George. Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940 (Basic Books, May 27, 1994). References to eating places: Page 1:  speakeasies, and bars to cheap cafeterias and elegant restaurants. Page 2: gay society: gay bars, baths, bookstores, and restaurants opened. Page 8:  prohibited restaurants. Page 11: As a result, the war made it possible for gay bars and restaurants. Page 15: he mentioned in another report that two men at a Harlem restaurant. Page 19: Similarly, in 1951 the Cyrano Restaurant. Page 23: from streets to saloons to bathhouses to elegant restaurants. Page 35: socializing tended to take place at home, in restaurants. Page 59: the fairies who frequented an Italian restaurant. Page 82: female prostitutes were taken by a sailor to an Italian restaurant. Page 117: parks, movie theaters, cabarets, cafés, late-night restaurants. Page 146: suspected restaurants. Page 149: The surveillance of restaurants, cafeterias, cabarets. Page 150: lesbians made numerous cafeterias and restaurants. Page 152: cafeterias, restaurants. Page 153: cheap neighborhoodrestaurants. Page 154: or moving closer to restaurants. Page 155: workers, and, especially in the Harlem branch, hotel, restaurant. Page 158: a public restaurant.  Page 163: gay men took most of their meals at the cheap restaurants. Page 164: were forced to take meals elsewhere. The number of restaurants. Page 165: It "all depends on where the restaurant is located". Page 166: Gay men quickly spread the word about which restaurants. Page 167: In 1935 a restaurant guide. Page 168: regularly tested the limits on their openness at restaurants.  Page 173:  the city's streets, cafeterias, and restaurants. Page 174: lesbians and gay men started gathering at the Childs restaurant. Page 175: More commonly, restaurants permitted the patronage. Page 176: "wild parties [are] suppose[d] to go on on [the restaurant's] upper. Page 177: made it easier for them to meet their friends in restaurants. Page 179: New Yorkers occasionally saw gay men in restaurants. Page 184: gay-oriented saloons and restaurants. Page 190: elegant restaurants. Page 192: the opening of several men's bars and restaurants. Page 200: dared not visit a bar orrestaurant. Page 207: streets, parks, speakeasies, restaurants. Page 216: surrounded by famous theaters and restaurants. Page 222: spending hours with them in the restaurant. Page 224: outlasted every gay bar and restaurant in the city. Page 229: gay men also found the cheap rents and cheap restaurants. Page 233: The Italian restaurants, grocers. Page 236: the restaurants. Page 237: the 1910s. Chief among these were the cheap Italian restaurants. Page 238: attracted a following. Their restaurants. Page 239: Village formed the core of their patronage, but these restaurants. Page 240: the Provincetown Playhouse and numerous bohemian restaurants. Page 241: opened the Left Bank, a restaurant. Page 244: Denied access to most of the segregated restaurants. Page 273: to work [as an entertainer at a Greenwich Village restaurant].  Page 274: Men who worked in the city'srestaurants. Page 276: an all-gay crowd, to dinner in a "straight" restaurant. Page 277: I found out that there were gay restaurants. Page 296: sauntered up Broadway to a restaurant. Page 299: The innumerable gay social networks based inrestaurants. Page 302: predominated in the theater, hotel, or restaurant industry. Page 304: Groups of theater and restaurant workers.  Page 305: Prohibition also drove many of the district's elegant restaurants, cabarets. Page 306: Murray's, a famous Forty-second Street restaurant. Page 307: exclusive restaurants. Page 310: Most of the district's restaurants. Page 321: of the major institutions of the gay world, from Louis' Restaurant.  Page 335: resulted in the closing of numerous restaurants. Page 336: Since not only bars but also most restaurants. Page 347 lesbians and gay men from working in most restaurants, bars. Page 348: Before Repeal, most gay men had gathered at saloons, restaurants. Page 349: Some men of moderate means frequented restaurants. Page 352: Champagne, a nationally known Greenwich Village restaurant.  Page 354: gather openly with heterosexuals in licensed restaurants. Page 355: gay and lesbian patrons in speakeasies and restaurants. Page 379: The Cyrano Restaurant ad appeared in a 1951 Cherry Grove. Page 395:Report on Italian Restaurant, 207 W. 17th St., Oct. 6, 1927. Page 414: The Restaurants of New York (New York: Greenberg. Page 416: H. Kahan, Report on Jack's Restaurant. Page 417: he was referring to the same restaurant. Page 432:  announcement cards for the Left Bank and Fullhouse Restaurant.  Page 433: George Chappell, The Restaurants of New York. Page 443: a sensation when he showed up at a Harlem restaurant. Page 444: and stage workers in . . . the restaurant.  Page 445: George Chappell, The Restaurantsof New York. Page 449: See, for example, my discussion of Louis' Restaurant.  Page 453: Loubor Restaurant v. Ro. Page 463: Cyrano Restaurant. Page 464: Fruited Plain . . . Fullhouse Restaurant. Page 465: restaurants.  Page 467: Jack's Restaurant. Page 468: Louis' Luncheon . . . Louis' Restaurant. Page 471: Polly's Restaurant.  Page 472: Restaurants: as gay meeting places. Page 476: restaurants. Accessed May 20, 2017 from: https://www.amazon.com/Gay-New-York-Culture-1890-1940/dp/0465026214 

1990: Beard, James (1990) A James Beard Memoir: The James Beard Celebration Cookbook. Edited by Barbara Kafka (New York: W. Morrow, 1990). "By the time I was seven, I knew that I was gay. I think it's time to talk about that now."

1996/11: Clark, Donna. The Queer Cookbook: A Fully-Guided Tour to the Secrets of Success in the Homosexual Kitchen! David Shenton, illustator. (Cassell; English language edition, November 1996.}

1998/6/1: Clark, Robert. The Solace of Food: A Life of James Beard. (Steerforth; First Edition June 1, 1998).

1998/7/1: Morgan, Ffiona, Lee McGuire (authors), Pam Newman (editor). The Lesbian Erotic Cookbook (Daughters of the Moon, (July 1, 1998). 

2002/4/26: Farquhar, Judith. Appetites: Food and Sex in Post-Socialist China. (Duke University Press Books, April 26, 2002).

2004-2009: Frank Bruni is New York Time chief restaurant critic.

2008/6/15: Lynch, Lee; Nel Ward, and Sue Haresty, eds. The Butch Cookbook (TRP Cookbooks; 1st edition, June 15, 2008). 

2008/4/29: Zimmerman, Gus. "The Queer Dish: Gay Cookbooks after Stonewall." Accessed April 29, 2017 from: https://www.american.edu/cas/american-studies/food-media-culture/upload/2008-Zimmerman-Queer-Dish.pdf   Abstract: Like all cultures, gay and lesbian culture has been reaffirmed through its cookbooks. This article analyzes significant changes in queer cookbooks since the Stonewall Rebellion of 1969, as they have helped carve out a uniquely queer culinary space in opposition to the heteronormative views presented in mainstream cookbooks. The author identifies three key themes that recur in this genre: queer hospitality, queer dishes, and queer politics and activism. The article serves as an example of how minority communities can use the cookbook to transgress and redefine traditional boundaries.

2009/9/11:  Matthew Moore, “Ben & Jerry‟s renames ice cream Hubby Hubby in celebration of gay marriage,” The Telegraph, September 2, 2009, accessed June 24, 2015, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/6125277/Ben-and-Jerrys-renames-icecream-Hubby-Hubby-in-celebration-of-gay-marriage.html; Cec Busby, “Ben & Jerry‟s say I dough for marriage equality,” Gay News Network, August 22, 2013, accessed June 24, 2015, http://gaynewsnetwork.com.au/news/ben-jerry-s-say-i-dough-for-marriage-equality-11749.html.

2009/9/30: Frank Bruni. Born Round: The Secret History of a Full-Time Eater (Penguin Press, First Edition August 20, 2009).

2010/10/6: Vester, Katharina. "Queer Appetites, Butch Cooking: Rescipes for Lesbian Subjectivities," Ch. 2, pp. 12-20. In: Elledge, Jim, ed. Queers in American Popular Culture, 3 volumes (Praeger Perspectives, October 6, 2010)

2012/5/29: Riese. "15 Queers Cooking: Anne Burrell Joins Robust Legion of Lesbian Celebrity Chefs." Posted by Riese on May 29, 2012 at 6:25pm PDT. Accessed April 28, 2017 from: https://www.autostraddle.com/top-15-gay-chefs-anne-burrell-joins-robust-legion-of-lesbian-celebrity-chefs-139164/

2013: Birdsall, John. "America, Your Food Is So Gay. The story of how three gay men—James Beard, Richard Olney, and Craig Claiborne—became architects of America's modern food culture." Accessed April 27, 2017 from http://luckypeach.com/america-your-food-is-so-gay/  This story comes from Lucky Peach #8: The Gender Issue. 

2013: Experien."The 2013 LGBT Demographic Report" (2013). Quote: "Gay men have a reputation for their attention to style and presentation and our Food Lifestyle segments indicate that’s at least partially true when it comes to food. Our research shows that when compared to heterosexual men, gay and bisexual men are 59% more likely to be considered “True Foodies,” the segment of eaters who have the most culinary expertise, eat a variety of food, love to experiment with different cuisines and have adopted a healthy eating lifestyle. In fact, fully one-in-five gay/ bisexual men fall into this segment compared with 12% of straight men. On the opposite side of the gender divide, lesbian/bisexual women are actually less likely than heterosexual women to be True Foodies with only 16% of lesbian/bisexual women falling into this segment compared with 25% of heterosexual women. Both gay/bisexual men and lesbian/bisexual women are more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to be considered “Variety on a budget,” a segment that often eats on the run, yet wants food that’s healthy and gourmet. For more information on the Food Lifestyle segments, click here." Accessed April 29, 2017 from: https://www.experian.com/assets/simmons.../2013-lgbt-demographic-report.pdf

2013/6: Debut of Out Here is a full-length documentary film created by the Queer Farmer Film Project. Completed after four years in production, it looks at the experiences of queer farmers across the country and asks – what does it mean to be a queer farmer, is agriculture a safe space for queer people, and what are the relationships between food production and queerness? It is the filmmaker’s dream that this project will give voice and visibility to queer people in agriculture and inspire a flagrant national discussion about gender and sexuality as they are related to our food system. The film debuted at the Frameline San Fransisco Festival in June 2013. Source: http://queerfarmer.blogspot.com/ and see: http://outheremovie.com/

2013/9: In September 2013 Guido Barilla, during a national Italian radio program, stated that the company would never make any advertisement showing gay couples, as it believes in the traditional family, and encouraged gay customers who don‟t like the company‟s marketing to move to different brands.8 Soon after, direct and indirect competitors of Barilla such as Buitoni, Garofalo, Pastificio Campi, Ikea, and Eataly took the opportunity of the sparked controversy to redirect consumers towards their products through gay-friendly advertisements openly referring to the opinion of the Barilla chairman. From Bosio (2015). Also see: Laura Heller, “The Barilla Boycott, a Lesson in Respect,” Forbes, September 30, 2013, accessed June 24, 2015, http://www.forbes.com/sites/lauraheller/2013/09/30/the-barilla-boycott-a-lesson-in-respect/

2013/9/23: Ku, Robert Ji-Song; Martin F. Manalansan IV; Anita Mannur, editors. Eating Asian America: A Food Studies Reader (New York University Press, September 9, 2013). 

2013/10/5: Churchill, Alexandra. "Gay And Lesbian Foodies: The Best Blogs For The Culinary Minded." Huffington Post, Oct 5, 2013, Accessed April 29, 2017 from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/gay-lesbian-foodies-blogs_n_4046409.html 

2013/12: Vider. Stephen. “Oh Hell, May, Why Don’t You People Have a Cookbook?”: Camp Humor and Gay Domesticity. American Quarterly, Volume 65, Number 4, December 2013, pp. 877-904.

2014: Birdsall, John, awarded the James Beard Foundation Journalism Award, Food and Culture category, for "America, Your Food Is So Gay. The story of how three gay men—James Beard, Richard Olney, and Craig Claiborne—became architects of America's modern food culture." Accessed May 1, 2017 from: http://www.grubstreet.com/2014/05/james-beard-book-broadcast-journalism-award-winners-2014.html

2014/1/13: Cleves, Rachel Hope. "Legendary Paris Dinner Parties." Posted January 13, 2014. Accessed April 30, 2017 from: https://rachelhopecleves.com/2014/01/13/legendary-paris-dinner-parties/

2014/3/23: Cleves, Rachel Hope. "Lost Recipes of the Lost Generation." {About Thelma Wood.) Posted March 23, 2014. Accessed April 30, 2017 from: https://rachelhopecleves.com/2014/03/23/lost-recipes-of-the-lost-generation/

Austen, Howard

Beard, James. 

Beebe, Lucious.

Best, Jane.

Birdsall, John.

Bruni, Frank. 

Castro, Raymond.

Claiborne, Craig.

Cleves, Rachel Hope. Blog.

Fairy pudding. Tunafish, macaroni and cheese.

Flanner, Janet (Genet).

Franey, Pierre

Fruit

Fruitcake

Fruity

Norman, Ruth. Cheryl Crawford’s partner, coauthor with George Bradshaw, a food writer, of COOK UNTIL DONE, a cookbook. Norman was one of the first people to demonstrate cooking on TV, and had a cooking school on CBS. She later partnered with Beard to form his cooking school. Accessed April 28, 2017 from: Barranger, Milly S., Margaret Webster: A Life in the Theater (University of Michigan Press, 2004), p. 160), accessed April 28, 2017 from: https://books.google.com/books?id=eyIkoAEII-YC&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=Norman,+Ruth.+Cheryl+Crawford&source=bl&ots=mUSNLBRmrk&sig=tF8Zk1Ung-NDgAcrX9xfIWGSKlA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicrJfyoMXTAhXJLyYKHUB0DRYQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=Norman%2C%20Ruth.%20Cheryl%20Crawford&f=false  See also: Trudy Ring, "Women Who Paved the Way: Broadway Producer Cheryl Crawford Advocate, May 30, 2017. Accessed April 28, 2017 from: www.advocate.com/.../women-who-paved-way-broadway-producer-cheryl-crawford  See her obituary in The New York Times above: 1977/12/28.

This feature was reated by Jonathan Ned Katz. First published OutHistory.org April 27, 2017, 8:43 AM.