Timeline: LGBTQ Marriage and Marriage Resisters

In response to the the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on June 26, 2015 that the U.S. Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage, OutHistory presents a chronology of documented references to the long history of marriage in U.S. same-sex and transgender history. It stresses the historical diversity and contested quality of marriage relationships, and begins in 1538. The feature is a work in progress, and we hope you will consider contributing to the crowd sourcing process of researching it. OutHistory is asking scholars and the general public to send additional references, including pictures, with as full citations as possible, to outhistory@gmail.com. If you are teaching a class, and would like to have students work on the timeline as an assignment, we can give you editing privileges for the data base.

First published on OutHistory June 10, 2015. Revised June 26, 2015.

Interactive Timeline

Notes

[1] More on OutHistory

[2] Los veinte y un libros rttuoies y Monarchia Indiana, ed. A. Gonzalez de Barcia Carballido y Zufiiga, 3 vols, [Madrid: N. Rodriguez Franco, 1723], vol. 2, p. 427); transvestite references: vol. I, p. 166, 307, 318, 330; vol. 2, p. 12, 13, 287, 380, 386, 392, 393, 394, 417. Torquemada’s comment on mariones are discussed in Federico Garza Carvajal, Butterflies Will Burn: Prosecuting Sodomites in Early Modern Spain and Mexico (University of Texas Press, Decenber 1, 2003), pages 168-69. March 22, 2015 accessed online.

[3] More on OutHistory

[4] More on OutHistory

[5] Chinigchinich: A Revised and Annotated Version of ... Boscana's Historical Account ... 1st. rev. ed. [Santa Ana, Cal.: Fine Arts, 1933], p. 54, 170-71).

[6] Jonathan Ned Katz, Love Stories: Sex Between Men Before Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001), page 8.

[7] Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (NY: Crowell, 1976), page 225-226. More on OutHistory

[8] Adapted from Jonathan Ned Katz, Love Stories: Sex Between Men Before Homosexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001), pages 222-23, 229.

[9] Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (NY: Crowell, 1976), page 221-222.

[10] Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay/Lesbian Almanac (NY: Harper & Row, 1983), page 185. Also see Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (NY: Crowell, 1976), page 55.

[11] Special thanks to Stephanie Mckellop for this citation.

[12] Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay/Lesbian Almanac (NY: Harper & Row, 1983), page 224.

[13] Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (NY: Crowell, 1976), pages 231-232.

[14] Pinson, Luvenia.“The Black Lesbian: Times Past-Time Present,” Womanews, Vol. 6, No. 2, May 1980, p. 8. This entry researched and written for OutHistory by Cookie Woolner.

[15] Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay/Lesbian Almanac (NY: Harper & Row, 1983), page 323

[16] ibid. page 404.

[17] ibid. page 467.

[18] ibid. page 413.

[19] Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (NY: Crowell, 1976), pages 71-73.

[20] Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay/Lesbian Almanac (NY: Harper & Row, 1983), page 452.

[21] Garber, Eric. “Gladys Bentley: The Bulldagger Who Sang the Blues,” Out/Look, Vol. 1, No. 1, Spring 1988, p. 58. Researched and written for OutHistory by Cookie Woolner.

[22] From the Gregory A. Sprague Papers at the Chicago History Museum, reprinted in Out and Proud in Chicago: An Overview of the City's Gay Community, Tracy Bain, editor. Chicago: Agate Publishing, 2008, p. 48. Accessed May 12, 2014 here. Researched and written for OutHistory by Cookie Woolner.

[23] Nestle, Joan. “Excerpts from the Oral History of Mabel Hampton,” Signs, Vol. 18, No. 4, Theorizing Lesbian Experience (Summer, 1993), pp. 925-935. Accessed May 12, 2014: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3174913 Researched and written for OutHistory by Cookie Woolner.

[24] "Woman Marries Woman, Both Are Fined," Jet, Jan. 5, 1967. Special thanks to Lisa Vecoli for this citation and image.

[25] "Gay Marriage in Rotterdam," Drum, 1967. Special thanks to Jack Fritscher for this citation.

[26] “Two Females ‘Married’ – in Chicago to Each Other,” Jet, Oct. 15, 1970. Researched and written for OutHistory by Cookie Woolner.

[27] Drummer cover, 1976, issue 7. Special Thanks to Jack Fritscher.

[28] Accessed June 30, 2015 from: http://www.beyondmarriage.org/full_statement.html

[29] Accessed June 30, 2015 from http://www.againstequality.org/ Special thanks to Conrad Ryan for this citation.

[30] Special thanks to Conrad Ryan for this citation.

[31] Adam Liptak. "Gay Marriage Arguments Divide Supreme Court Justices." New York Times, April 28, 2015.

[32] Carol V. A. Quinn. "What Ulrichs Knew: Resurrecting the Nineteenth-Century Debate on Same-Sex Marriage," June 5, 2015. International Journal of Applied Philosophy.