FBI and Homosexuality: Persons and Groups Investigated

F.B.I. Surveillance of Homosexuals, Alleged Homosexuals, Persons Associated with Homosexuality, Homosexual Groups, and Anti-Homosexual Groups and Persons

This list in construction is composed of the names of individuals and groups listed on the FBI's "Vault Index" website as having some association with homosexuality.[1]

This list also contains the names of individuals known or rumored to have been homosexual or bisexual, or who were associated somehow with homosexuality, who had encounters with the FBI.

This list also contains the names of individuals associated with homosexuality and who supported, or were alleged to support left-wing or liberal causes. Future research will show if the FBI had files on these persons and if those files referred to homosexuality.

This research is intended to provide wide-ranging evidence of the surveillance of homosexuals, rumored homosexuals, or homosexuality conducted by the FBI.

The designation "African American" is added under the names of some individuals to facilitate research on the FBI's spying on Black homosexual activists, artists, and writers, or those rumored to be homosexual.

OutHistory asks the public to help provide relevant data and full citations to that data. Send information to OutHistory@gmail.com

ABSCAM
Part 10 of 10 refers to "homosexuality". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

ACTUP

Addams, Jane
From the FBI Vault: Jane Addams (1860-1935) was an internationally known social worker, activist, and Nobel Peace Prize winner. This release concerns a treason investigation opened in 1924 involving the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom; Addams was a founding member of the organization. Jane Addams Part 1 of 4, Jane Addams Part 2 of 4; Jane Addams Part 3 of 4; Jane Addams Part 4 of 4

Addams had a number of intimate relationships with women and it has been suggested that these included sexual desire and perhaps activity. See for example: Nara Schoenberg, "Outing Jane Addams: Was the founder of Hull House a lesbian? And does it matter? Chicago Tribune, February 06, 2007.

Alsop, Joseph
See: Edwin M. Yoder, Jr., Joe Alsop's Cold War: A Study of Journalistic Influence and Intrigue (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 153–6

American Nazi Party
Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Part 1 of 2 refers to ???.
Part 1 of 2 refers to "homosexuals".
Part 2 of 2 refers to "homosexuals".

Amerithrax
Part 10 of 30 refers to "homosexuality". Part 05 refers to "lesbian".

Amerithrax, short for American anthrax attacks, was a multi-agency investigation led by the FBI. It was launched in October 2001. Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Aptheker, Bettina
FBI file?

Arvin, Newton

Atlanta Child Murders
Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault. Refers to ?

Babcock, Ed
Young Republican aid to Joseph McCarthy. Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 379.

Baldwin, James
African American writer, activist. His FBI files contain references to his homosexualiity. See: Natalie S. Robins, Alien ink: the FBI's War on Freedom of Expression (William Morrow, 1992), page 348, etc.

Bankhead, Talulah
FBI Vault: 11 pages. Does her FBI file refer to homosexuality?

Beekman, Gustave
Proprietor of homosexual brothel in Brooklyn, NY, in 1940s. Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 287.

Bentley, Elizabeth
Mary Price said that Bentley had made homosexual advances to her, which may or may not be true. Source: "Clever Girl, pages 315-316.

Bernstein, Leonard
720 pages. Does his FBI file refer to homosexuality?

Bissinger, Carl

Black Panther Party
African American radical left activist organization.

Search of FBI Vault on Dec 6, 2012 for "Black Panther Party homosexual":

COINTELPRO\New Left- Pittsburgh Part 01 of 01
Black Guerilla Family Part 3 of 3
COINTELPRO\New Left- Philadelphia Part 01 of 01
Black Guerilla Family Part 1 of 3
Abbie Hoffman Part 32 of 50
Abbie Hoffman Part 47 of 50
COINTELPRO Black Extremist Part 22 of 23
COINTELPRO White Hate Groups Part 01 of 14
Jonestown Part 23 of 287
Abbie Hoffman Part 26 of 50
Abbie Hoffman Part 43 of 50
COINTELPRO Black Extremist Part 07 of 23
Jonestown Part 190 of 287
Jonestown Part 10 of 287
COINTELPRO\New Left- Los Angeles Part 01 of 02
Jonestown Part 279 of 287
COINTELPRO\New Left- Los Angeles Part 02 of 02
Jonestown Part 285 of 287
Clyde Tolson Part 8 of 11
Clyde Tolson Part 10 of 11
COINTELPRO New Left Butte Part 01 of 01
Jonestown Part 133 of 287
Ralph Abernathy Part 01 of 01

Search of FBI Vault on Dec 6, 2012 for "Black Panther Party gay"

Stokely Carmichael Part 4 of 5

Search of FBI Vault on Dec 6, 2012 for "Black Panther Party lesbian"

COINTELPRO Black Extremist Part 21 of 23J.
Edgar Hoover Part 16 of 22
Jonestown Part 177 of 287

See also: Alma Routsong

Dickerman, Marion
American suffrage leader, educator, vice-principal of the Todhunter School and an intimate of Eleanor Roosevelt. Lover of Nancy Cook. See Wikipedia: Marion Dickerman. Research request: FBI files?

Dietrich, Marlene
Research request: Does she have an FBI file? Does it refer to homosexuality?

Donovan, William J.
Book Review - Wild Bill Donovan - By Douglas Waller - NYTimes.com A biography of William J. Donovan, the head of the World War II ... the O.S.S. chief accumulated reports that the F.B.I. director was homosexual.... Research request: FBI files on Donovan? OutHistory.org would like to know of additional sources referring to William J. Donovan, homosexuals, and homosexuality. active in anti-homosexual witchhunt in Boise, Idaho?

Duberman, Martin
Historian, writer, activist.

Ehrlichman, John.
Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault. Part 1 of 5 refers to "homosexuals".

Eng, Esther. Movie producer, entrepreneur, restauranteur. Research request: FBI files?

Equi, Marie
Marie Diana Equi (born April 7, 1872, New Bedford, Massachusetts – died July 13, 1952, Portland, Oregon) was an American medical doctor and anarchist. FBI file.

FBI agents
Unnamed, thought to be homosexual. Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 755.

FBI Files
Collection of FBI files on homophile groups, homosexual emancipation groups, and gay liberation groups, 1953-1970. Archive of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Community Center, New York City. FBI FILES. Archive Number: 48. Date: 1953 to 1970. Size: 2 ½ feet. FBI Files 1953 to 1970.
Provenance: This collection was donated by Martin Duberman. It came to us in 3 small boxes and 1 large box for a total of 2' 3". On speaking to Mr. Duberman on May 7, 1996 he told me the reason he was able to get his hands on this material. It seems that a Mr. Duncan Osborne , a writer for the Gay Press notified Mr. Duberman that he had sued the Government to obtain the rights to the files. The files had been released. Initially one person must sue the government to get the papers released. Mr. Duberman then paid $500- 600 dollars to get them copied and sent to him.
The first two boxes are arranged in groups of papers fixed together with metal fasteners, while the third box is all in folders. This box came to the Archive in loose form with each group / organization separated by a slip of paper marked with the organizations name.
Scope and Content
The general scope and content of this collection is extensive copies of papers collected on or about the various Mattachine Society, Gay Liberation Front, the North American Conference of Homophile Organizations, the National Planing Conference of Homophile Organizational the Western Conference of Homophile Organizations and their activities over the years 1953 - 1970's. The F.B.I. and The Justice Department kept track of members and events that they attended over this period of time. The records have been censored, sometimes in their entirety. A large amount of the information has been censored with a black marker. The information on the particular organizations is at times wildly inaccurate. The collection, therefore, says more about the FBI than it does about the gay movement.

FBI informants
Unnamed, thought to be homosexual. Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 412

Florida Legislative Committee ("The Johns Committee")[4]
The Johns Committee begun interrogating suspected homosexuals among students and faculty on Florida campuses before the Legislature gave specific authorization for the investigation of homosexuals. In 1958, committee chairman Johns illegally sent a covert investigator to the University of Florida after his son, Jerome Johns, told his father that "effeminate instructors had perverted the curriculum."

In 1961, the Legislature directed the Johns Committee to broaden its investigations to include homosexuals and the "extent of [their] infiltration into agencies supported by state funds," particularly at state colleges and universities such as the University of Florida, Florida State University, and the University of South Florida. Having the power to subpoena witnesses, take sworn testimony, and employ secret informants, the committee spread terror among the closeted lesbian and gay population in state colleges, often using uniformed policemen to pull students and professors out of classes for interrogation.[5] All homosexual acts were crimes under Florida law at that time and remained so until the United States Supreme Court's Lawrence v. Texas ruling in 2003.[6] Admission of homosexuality constituted moral turpitude and was grounds for firing or expulsion from college. Research Request: FBI files, connection?

Gay Activists Alliance
FBI Vault: 534 pages

Gay Activists Alliance
FBI Vault: 135 pages. From the F.B.I. website: "This Civil Rights organization originated [sic] at Ohio State University in the 1970's and had several other Chapters throughout the United States, which were concerned with equal rights for gays and lesbians." Part 01. Part 02.

Gay Liberation Front
FBI Vault: 1,113 pages

Geer, Will
Actor, best known as Grandpa Zebulon Tyler Walton in the 1970s TV series, The Waltons. In 1934, Geer met Harry Hay at the Tony Pastor Theatre, where Geer worked as an actor. They became lovers, and Hay credited Geer as his political mentor. Hay and Geer participated in a milk strike in Los Angeles, where Hay was first exposed to radical gay activism in the person of "Clarabelle," a drag queen who held court in the Bunker Hill neighborhood, who hid Hay from police. Later that year, Hay and Geer performed in support of the San Francisco General Strike. Hay later founded the Mattachine Society, the first sustained homosexual emancipation organization in the U.S. Research request: FBI files?

Genet, Jean
Research request: FBI files?

Georgetown University student, female
"When a Georgetown University professor was questioned by an FBI agent . . . about one of his students, he attributed both her lesbianism and her affinity for leftist ideology to her psychological problems."[5]

Ginsberg, Allen
On his FBI files: See: Natalie S. Robins, Alien ink: the FBI's War on Freedom of Expression (William Morrow, 1992), page 348, etc.

Gold, Harry.
Part 29 of 108 refers to "homosexuality". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Goodman, Paul
Goodman’s outspoken support for young Vietnam War draft resisters . . . earned him the FBI classification of "subversive homosexual"[6]

Hansberry, Lorraine
African American playwright, essayist, political activist. Does her FBI file mention her homosexuality? New York Public Library: Lorraine Hansberry Papers (includes her FBI file): http://www.nypl.org/archives/3686. See: Ben Keppel. The Work of Democracy: Ralph Bunche, Kenneth B. Clark, Lorraine Hansberry, and the Cultural Politics of Race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Research request: YEAR? Any reference to lesbianism in her FBI file?

Hay, Harry.
Communist Party member; founder of Mattachine Society, Los Angeles. Other Mattachine Society founders with CP or left affiliations?

Hellman, Lilian
Research request: Any reference to homosexuality or lesbianism in connection with her writing "The Children's Hour"?

Hells Angels
Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault. Homosexual references?

Helms, Jesse
Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Parts 03, 04 of 07 refer to "lesbian".
Part 04 of 07 refers to "homosexuals".
Part 03 of 07 refers to "homosexuals".

Hickock, Lorena
Journalist, intimate friend of Eleanor Roosevelt. Research request: any reference to her intimate relationship with Roosevelt in her FBI files?

Hitler, Adolph
See: http://vault.fbi.gov/adolf-hitler Accessed October 9, 2011. Research request: any allegations of homosexuality.

Holliday, Judy
See: Angela "Angie" Calomiris, Informant: 1942-August 26, 1949 See also: Yetta Cohn

Hoover, John Edgar: January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972
FBI Vault. Part 11 of 22 refers to "homosexuality". Part 16 refers to "lesbian", Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
FBI files "include several memos regarding FBI agents visits, which included "vigorous interrogation" and "forcefully" presented points, made to individuals who made accusations or passed on rumor that J. Edgar Hoover was homosexual. Files note retribution taken against an employee of the National Labor Relations Board."[7] See also: Tolson, Clyde

Hudson, Rock
Part 1 of 1 refers to ???. Accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Huggins, Ericka
African American political activist.

Hughes, Langston African American writer
FBI files. Research request: Do they contain any hint at homosexuality?

Hutchins, Grace
Does her FBI file refer to homosexuality? See also: Rochester, Anna

Inge, William
Research request: FBI file?

Isherwood, Christopher
Research request: FBI file?

Jack the Ripper
Part 1 of 1 refers to "homosexual". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI vault.

Jenkins, Walter
Aid to Lyndon Johnson, arrested for homosexual solicitation just before presidential election. Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 579-580.

Johnson, Myrtis
Angela "Calomiris also began dating Myrtis Johnson, the sister-in-law of her FBI handler, Ken Bierly, a fact that attracted attention from the media."

Jorgensen, Christine
FBI files?

Katz, Jonathan Ned
FBI file contains no reference to homosexuality.

Kameny, Franklin
His dossier entered FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's files for "sexual deviants." Quoted from "FRANKLIN KAMENY" by Michael Huffington, in the Washington Post.

Karpis, Alvin FBI Files. Research request: references by Karpis to Hoover's alleged homosexuality?

Kaye, Danny FBI Files Research request: any reference to homosexuality?

Kepner, James
Mattachine member. Research request: FBI files?

Kinsey, Alfred
FBI Vault: See: http://vault.fbi.gov/Alfred%20Kinsey Accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Parts 3, 4 refer to "homosexual". Other parts also refer to "homosexual",
Part 2 of 4 refers to "homosexuals". Alfred Kinsey Part 4 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".
Part 4 of 4 refers to "lesbian".
Part 3 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".

Lape, Esther
Journalist, publicist and English professor, one of the founders of the League of Woman Voter, intimate of Eleanor Roosevelt. Life partner of Esther Fisher Read. Research request: FBI file?

Lash, Joseph
Accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault. Any reference to lesbians or male homosexuals?

Liberace
Part 3 of 6 refers to "homosexuals". Accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Locke, Alain
African American writer, teacher. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Lorde, Audre
African American poet, essayist, activist. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality, lesbianism?

MacArthur, General Douglas
FBI Vault: Part 4 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".

Mattachine Society
See: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) release of material from FBI file number 100-HQ-403320 Subject: The Mattachine Society, 1948-1971 - [PDF 43 MB - 28-Jun-2010] at:http://governmentattic.org/

NOTE: Large file: 43 MB
Part 03 of 03 refers to "lesbian". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
Part 03 of 03 refers to "lesbianism". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
Part 03 of 03 refers to "homosexuals". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

McCarthy, Joseph
U. S. Senator. Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 432, 434. FBI Vault: Files accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault.
Part 3 of 56 refers to ?
Part 35 of 56 refers to "homosexuals".
Part 3 of 56 refers to "homosexuals".
Part 5 of 56 refers to "homosexuals".

McKay, Claude
African American writer. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality

McReynolds, David
Peace activist, homosexual. See Duberman, Martin B., A Saving Remnant: The Radical Lives of Barbara Deming and David McReynolds. New Press (March 1, 2011). ISBN-10: 1595583238. ISBN-13: 978-1595583239. Page 35: Reference to McReynold's FBI file. Page 129: reference to FBI's notorious "watch list". Page 257: FBI files cited.

Millholland, Charles Bruce
Playwright, author of Napolean of Broadway, unproduced, adapted to become Twentieth Century (playand movie). Research request: FBI file? Jonathan Ned Katz is especially interested in this person.

Miller, Frieda
New York State industrial commissioner and later U.S. Women’s Bureau chief. Partner of Pauline M. Newman for fifty-six years. For more details see: http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/newman-pauline, accessed December 10, 2012. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality, lesbianism?

Milk, Harvey
See also Moscone, Dan White

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Nelson, Jack
"The Los Angeles Times got a hold of the FBI file on former reporter Jack Nelson through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request, revealing that Hoover was pretty panicked that Nelson was going to report he was “homosexual.”[8]

Newman, Pauline M.
October 18, 1887 - April 1986. American labor activist. "In 1918 the ILGWU [International Ladies Garment Workers Union} loaned PN to the Philadelphia WTUL [Women's Trade Union League], which she served as president and organizer until 1923; here she met Frieda Miller (FSM), who was then secretary of the Philadelphia WTUL and who became her lifelong friend." "After 1924 PN lived in NYC and often shared a home with Frieda Miller until the latter's death in 1973. PN helped to raise FSM's adopted daughter, Elisabeth. . . ."[9] FBI file? Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Nuestra Familia
FBI Vault: Part 1 of 1 refers to ?. Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Nugent, Richard Bruce
African American painter. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Nureyev, Rudolph
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Perkins, Francis
U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet.
"Confronting family issues--a frequently institutionalized husband with severe psychiatric problems; a deeply secret lesbian relationship with Mary Harriman Rumsey (sister of Averell Harriman); a daughter from whom she was often estranged-Perkins nevertheless exhibited tireless grace under pressure again and again, always rising to the occasion in the name of every and any progressive cause.”-Publishers Weekly, starred review of The Woman Behind the New Deal: The Life of Frances Perkins, FDR’S Secretary of Labor and His Moral Conscience by Kirstin Downey.[10] Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Police, local
Said to cover up information about FBI agents arrested for homosexual solicitation).Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 419.

Profumo, John (Bowtie)
English politician involved in sex scandal. FBI Vault: Part 8 of 8 refers to "homosexuals".

Read, Elizabeth Fisher
Scholar, attorney, intimate of Eleanor Roosevelt. Life companion of Esther Lape. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Robins, Jerome
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Rochester, Anna
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality? See also: Hutchins, Grace

Röhm, Ernst Julius
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Roosevelt, Eleanor
Intimate friend of Lorena Hickock, a confirmed lesbian, as well as other lesbians. See Blanche Weisen Cook's biographies of Roosevelt. See also: Lorena Hickock. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Routsong, Alma
The entry on Routsong in Feminists Who Changed the World says that her short story "Strangers in Camelot" is based on being interrogated by the FBI about her lesbian lifestyle in the 1960s. Her lover of the time, Elizabeth Deran, was employed as an economist by the U.S. Government.[11] See also Elizabeth Deran who says she was interviewed by the "Secret Service", and that neither she nor Routsong were interviewed by the FBI.

Rukeyser, Muriel
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality? Does her FBI file refer to homosexuality?

Rustin, Bayard
Homosexual, Black civil rights leader. See: Kenneth O'Reilly, Racial matters: the FBI's secret file on Black America, 1960-1972 (Free Press, 1989), page 148. See also: John D'Emilio's biography of Rustin. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Savio, Mario
Leader of free speech movement, Berkley, California, 1960s.

Part 09 of 09 refers to "homosexuality". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Schneiderman, Rose
(April 6, 1882 – August 11, 1972) was a prominent United States labor union leader, socialist, and feminist. She had a long-term relationship with Maud O'Farrell Swartz (1879-1937), another working class woman active in the Women's Trade Union League, until Swartz' death in 1937.

Spellman, Francis (Cardinal)
"The FBI maintained close ties with Spellman, largley through Lou Nichols, and later, the New York SAC John Malone, even though Hoovers files contained numerous allegations that Spellman was a very active homosexual." (Gentry, J.E.H., note, page 347). Research request: Source? Full citation?
"By the spring of 1954 Hoover, realizing that he, too, could be charged with having questionable associations [TOLSON], as he had accused so many others of having, was complaining to the president that "McCarthy had reached a point where he was actually impeding the investigation of Communists...." (Gentry, page 436).
Spellman allerted Pope Paul VI in Rome not to have anything to do with Martin Luther King, who was planning a visit.(Gentry, page 570). All quotes from J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets by Curt Gentry.

Stein, Gertrude
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?FBI file? See also Toklas, Alice B.

Stevenson, Adlai
FBI spread false rumors that he was homosexual. Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 402-403, 445, 478. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Swartz, Maud O'Farrell
(1879-1937), labor organizer, feminist, and long-time partner of Rose Schneiderman (see). Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Supreme Court, United States
Part 16 of 34 refers to "homosexuality". Part 24 of 34 refers to "lesbian". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

Shine, G. David
Close associate of Roy Cohn and Joseph McCarthy. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Sullivan, Noel
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Thurman, Wallace
African American writer. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Toklas, Alice B.
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality? See also Gertrude Stein

Tolson, Clyde A.
See also: J. Edgar Hoover. Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Tucker, Ray.
Journalist, author of Collier's article criticizing Hoover. Ray Tucker, "Hist! Who's That?" Collier's, August 19, 1933, pages 15, 49. Research request: FBI files?

United States Presidential candidate (unnamed).
Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 51.

United States Senator (unnamed).
Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 35.

United States Supreme Court. See "Supreme Court"

Valenti, Jack
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality? 'Gay' Probe of LBJ Aide Associated Press, NY Post, February 20, 2009

Van Vechten, Carl
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Vidal, Gore
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Waco FBI Transcripts Tapes
Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault. 206 - 207 refers to "homosexuals".

Walsh, Thomas I. [Senator (Democrat)]
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?FBI file?

Warhol, Andy
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?

Welles, Summner
Friend and advisor to Franklin D. Roosevelt.[12]

White, Dan
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality? See also: Moscone, Milk

Williams, Tennessee
Research request: FBI files referring to homosexuality?
The Selected Letters of Tennessee Williams: 1945-1957 by Tennessee Williams, Albert J. Devlin, Nancy Marie Patterson Tischler. Refers to the FBI four times: pages 361, 513, 515, 651.

Winchell, Walter
Part 58 of 58 refers to "homosexual". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.

X, Malcolm (originally Malcolm Little)
African American political activist. FBI file on FBI website refers to homosexuality. Full citation?

Research Request
Users of OutHistory would like to know more about what each of these files contains. If you can provide additional data relating to the FBI's surveillance of homosexuals or alleged homosexuals please contact OutHistory@gmail.com

Notes

From the FBI Vault Index site: The FBI has converted many FOIA documents to an electronic format (PDF), and they may be viewed below. In the case of voluminous pages, only summaries or excerpts from the documents are online. Subjects are sorted alphabetically by first name. You can also use your browser's find feature to locate subjects on the page. Searches of the Vault Index:

A search of the FBI's Vault Index site for "homosexual" on October 9, 2011 returned 76 items. A search on the same date for "homosexuality" returned 26 items, some of which were not included in the original 76 items. A search for "homosexuals" returned 40 items some of which were not included in earlier searches,

A search for "lesbian" returned 8 items, some of which had not been included in the earlier results and are not yet integrated into the lists below:
(1) Mattachine Society Part 03 of 03;
(2) Jesse Helms Part 04 of 07;
(3) Alfred Kinsey Part 4 of 4;
(4) Black Dahlia (E Short) Part 3 of 4 In 1947, Elizabeth Ann Short (1924-1947) was brutally mutilated and murdered in Los Angeles. The FBI was heavily involved the investigation as it pertained to ...
(5) Jesse Helms Part 03 of 07;
(6) Supreme Court Part 24 of 34;
(7) Amerithrax Part 05 of 30 Amerithrax, short for American anthrax attacks, was a multi-agency investigation led by the FBI. It was launched in October 2001, when letters laced with ... ;
(8) J. Edgar Hoover Part 16 of 22

A search for "lesbianism" returned one result.

A search for "lesbians" was made on November 11, 20011, and provided six results not yet integrated into the alphabetical list below:
(1) New Alliance Party Part 3 of 3;
(2) Liberace Part 3 of 6;
(3) New Alliance Party Part 1 of 3;
(4) Alcatraz Escape Part 14 of 17;
(5) New Alliance Party Part 2 of 3;
(6) Walter Winchell Part 56 of 58. These have not yet been integrated into the alphabetical list below.

A second search for "lesbians" on November 29, 2012 turned up additional references, so the FBI is adding to its online files:
(1) Liberace Part 3 of 6
(2) Alcatraz Escape Part 14 of 17
(3) New Alliance Party Part 2 of 3
(4) New Alliance Party Part 1 of 3
(5) Mattachine Society Part 01 of 03
(6) Bremer Kidnapping Part 11 of 459
(7) Senator Edward "Ted" Kennedy Part 20 of 27
(8) New Alliance Party Part 3 of 3
(9) Walter Winchell Part 56 of 58

A search for the term "gay" [in 20011] included 504 results, all of which may not refer to homosexuality and the results have not been included in this list. A search for "gay and homosexual" returned 21 results not yet included on the list below.

A search of the Vault Index for the terms "pervert", "perverts, "perversion", and "perversions" (used commonly about homosexuals and homosexuality in the 1940s, 1950s, and early 1960s, also returns some entries which refer specifically to homosexuality without using some version of that term. These results have not yet been added to the list below.

A Note on the URLS
On October 8, 2011 some of the earlier-listed URLs on this page from the FBI Vault are no longer working. The same content appears to be available on the FBI Vault website under different URLs that have not yet been added to this page, replacing the earlier ones.

For the FBI's site see: [http://vault.fbi.gov/reading-room-index Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Vault Index.
Routsong, Alma. In: Lesbians Who Changed the World. Elizabeth Deran, "Patience & Sarah Come to Life", in Patience and Sarah By Isabel Miller. ReadHowYouWant, June 11, 2010. Paperback: 312 pages ISBN-10: 1458774082. ISBN-13: 978-1458774088.
Deran to Katz, November 24, 2011 1:24:20 PM EST.
Wikipeddia: Florida Legislative Committee. Accessed December 5, 2011.
David K. Johnson, The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government (University of Chicago Press, XXXX), pages 35-36.
Website of the film Paul Goodman Changed My Life.
Accessed November 11, 2011 from http://www.paperlessarchives.com/hoover.html
http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/11/hoover_worried_lice-covered_ferret_journalist_would_report_he_was_gay.php
Accessed Dec. 10, 2012 from: http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00018
Accessed December 10, 2012 from: http://bestpossiblelife.wordpress.com/2009/02/25/praise-for-new-biography-of-frances-perkins/
Routsong, Alma. In: Lesbians Who Changed the World. Elizabeth Deran, "Patience & Sarah Come to Life", in Patience and Sarah By Isabel Miller. ReadHowYouWant, June 11, 2010. Paperback: 312 pages ISBN-10: 1458774082. ISBN-13: 978-1458774088 page 237.
Cited in J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets By Curt Gentry. Page 307-308.

Timeline: FBI and Homosexuality, 1908-2015