Chapter Seven: Political Protests After Stonewall (1969-1973)

 

For more recent bibliographies of LGBT direct action, see: 

LGBT Direct Action Bibliography, Chronology, and Inventory, 1965-1973, by Marc Stein

Document 123: Bay Area Protests, July 1969

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 8 July 1969, 1.

For related sources in the first half of 1969, see Chapter 3.

For related sources in July-December 1969, see Julie Smith, “Homophile Gay-Is-Good Movement,” San Francisco Chronicle, 2 July 1969, 22; “Widow Asks for $1,290,000,” Berkeley Barb, 4 July 1969, 11; Leo Laurence, “Gays Get Panther OK,” Berkeley Tribe, 25 July 1969, 7; Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 31 July 1969, 2; “All the News,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 9-10; Fr. John Michael McGurk, “Memorial Mass for Frank Bartley,” Vector, July 1969, 6; Gale Whittington, “CHF 1^st Victory!” Vector, July 1969, 8; “Pickets Win; Tower Records Rehires Boy,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 6, 35; “SIR Pushes for Murder Inquiry,” Los Angeles Advocate, Aug. 1969, 10; “Unsafe,” Berkeley Tribe, 26 Sep. 1969, 4; Ed Jackson, “Gays Attack Laws, Police in Three Separate Court Actions,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1969, 1, 6; “Professor Dies after Vice Arrest in Oakland,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1969, 5; “State Investigates Bartley Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1969, 5; Marcus, “Safeway Theatre: Gale’s Bust,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Oct. 1969, 7; Leo Laurence, “Gays at War on Western Front,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 22; Committee on Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 16 Oct. 1969; “Liberationists Bolt Gay Establishment,” Berkeley Tribe, 17 Oct. 1969, 23; “KQED Gay Rap,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Oct. 1969, 13; Leo E. Laurence, “Wear Your Gown All Year Round,” Berkeley Tribe, 31 Oct. 1969, 8; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 30-32; “The New Gay World of Gale Whittington,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 4-9; “A Talk with Leo Laurence,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 24-30; “Gay ‘Guerillas’ Picket Drag Ball,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 1, 2, 10, 16; Stevens, “SIR?” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 7; Gay Liberation Theatre,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 8-9; “Cops Cleared in Caplan Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1969, 1.

For related sources in 1970 and 1971, see “Oakland Arrests Drop; Officers Shifted after SIR Suit,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1970, 1; Don Jackson, “Justice?” Berkeley Barb, 27 Feb. 1970, 14; Don Jackson, “Gay Memorial Services Planned,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 21; Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3, 15; Don Jackson, “Crash Glass House,” Berkeley Barb, 13 Mar. 1970, 9; Charles Baireuther, “Impersonator Death: Parents, Friends Do Not Accept Full Police Report,” Los Angeles Sentinel, 19 Mar. 1970, 20; “Laverne Family Seeks Inquest,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; Aubrey Bailey, “Bartley Murder March,” Berkeley Barb, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; “Gay Memorial,” Berkeley Tribe, 17 Apr. 1970, 11; Rev. Jim Rankin, “In Memorium: Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 24 Apr. 1970, 19; Jim Kepner, “Gays Remember Dover Death with Rally, March,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 3; “Family Seeks Inquest in Man’s Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 2; “Family to File Suit in Bartley Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 5; “Memorial Services for Howard Effland, Victim of Savage L.A. ‘Pigs,’” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “Bartley Murder Protest,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Riots Threatened,” Los Angeles Free Press, 15 May 1970, 16; Alfred Craig, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Free Press, 5 June 1970, 6; “KNBC Hit for Shelving Death Probe,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 5; “Gavin Says KNBC Hasn’t Copped Out on Slaying Probe,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 10; “We Remember Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Apr. 1971, 9.

 

Document 124: Annual Reminder in Philadelphia, July 1969

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is A. B. [Ada Bello], “The Second Largest Minority,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 2.

For related sources on the Annual Reminders in 1965, 1966, 1967, and 1968, see Chapter 3.

For related sources, see A. B. [Ada Bello], “In the Movement,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1969, 4-5; Bill Wingell, “Great to Be Gay: A Time for Holding Hands,” Distant Drummer, 10 July 1969, 8; “150 Homosexuals Parade Before Independence Hall to Protest Mistreatment,” Philadelphia Tribune, 12 July 1969, 5; Len Lear, “Confederate Flag Flies Atop White House,” Philadelphia Tribune, 15 July 1969, 9, 28; “Reminder Day Demonstration,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, July 1969, 6; “In the News,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 9; “The Fifth Fourth,” The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, July 1969, 1-2; “Gays Confront Gov’t.,” Vector, July 1969, 11; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1969, 2-3; The Ladder, Oct. 1969, front cover, 39-40, back cover.

 

Document 125: Gay Power Vigil in New York City, July 1969

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Gay Liberation Meetings” and “The Gay Power Vigil,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 40-41.

For related sources, see “From Outside the Pen,” Rat, late July 1969, 4; Jonathan Black, “Gay Power Hits Back,” Village Voice, 31 July 1969, 1, 3; William B. Kelley, “Gaylimnufry,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 2; Lige Clark and Jack Nichols, “N. Y. Gays: Will the Spark Die?” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1969, 3, 12; Lige and Jack, “New York Notes,” Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1969, 6, 8; Marty Stephan, “Bitch: Summer’s Not Forever,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 12; Tom Burke, “The New Homosexuality,” Esquire, Dec. 1969, 178, 304-318; Leo Skir, “Gay Liberation,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 8-13.

 

Document 126: Kew Gardens Rally in New York City, August 1969

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Kew Gardens Rally,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Sep. 1969, 4.

For related sources, see David Bird, “Trees in a Queens Park Cut Down as Vigilantes Harass Homosexuals,” New York Times, 1 July 1969, 1, 29; “Vigilantes Chop Up ‘Homosexual’ Park,” San Francisco Chronicle, 1 July 1969, 5; David Bird, “Queens Resident Says the Police Stood By as Park Trees Were Cut,” New York Times, 2 July 1969, 38; S; Al Sostchen and Timothy Lee, “Heckscher: Probe Anti-Homosexual Vandals,” New York Post, 2 July 1969, 32; Dirck van Sickie, letter to the editor, New York Post, 3 July 1969; “Police Did Answer Call on Cut Trees,” New York Times, 3 July 1969, 29; William Primavera, letter to the editor, New York Times, 3 July 1969, 30; David Bird, “2d Witness Tells of Park Tree-Cutting,” New York Times, 4 July 1969, 25; John Bickford, letter to the editor, New York Times, 5 July 1969, 18; “Arboreal Vandals in Queens,” New York Times, 7 July 1969, 32; David Bird, “Police Continuing Inquiry on Trees,” New York Times, 16 July 1969, 50; “Vigilantes Destroy Park,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, July 1969, 25; William B. Kelley, “Riot, Tree-Cutting Mark NYC Gay Scene,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, July 1969, 7; “KKK Rides in Queens,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 8-9; “Vandalism in Park,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Aug. 1969, 10; “Vigilantes Destroy Park,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, c. Aug. 1969, 24-25; “Tangents,” Tangents, Aug. 1969, 12-13; The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Aug. 1969, 1-2; “Inquiries Still Open in Tree-Chopping at Park in Queens,” New York Times, 18 Sep. 1969, 49; “‘Vigilantes Destroy N.Y. Park to Rout Homosexuals,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1969, 26; “The Birth of Gay Power,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Sep. 1969, 1-2; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 38; “Tangents,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 17; Marty Stephen, “Bitch: Summer’s Not Forever,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 12; “Cross Currents, The Ladder, Dec. 1969, 29.

 

Document 127: Village Voice Protest, September 1969

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Mike Brown, Michael Tallman, and Leo Louis Martello, “The Summer of Gay Power and the VV Exposed,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 10-11.

For related sources, see “News,” Gay Power (1.2), c. Sep. 1969, 22; Leo E. Laurence, “‘Homosexuals’ Play on U.C. Campus,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 11; Lige and Jack, “New York Notes,” Los Angeles Advocate, Nov. 1969, 26; “Village Voice Blackout?” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 10; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Dec. 1969, 32.

 

Document 128: San Francisco Examiner Protest, October 1969

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “S.F. Cops Arrest 12 Pickets after Melee at Examiner,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 2, 10.

For related sources, see Robert Patterson, “The Dreary Revels of S.F. ‘Gay’ Clubs,” San Francisco Examiner, 25 Oct. 1969, 8; “Gay Liberation Front,” Berkeley Barb, 31 Oct. 1969, 6; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Penetrate Examiner,” Berkeley Tribe, 31 Oct. 1969, 4; Jerry Carroll, “Gay Melee at Examiner,” San Francisco Chronicle, 1 Nov. 1969, 5; “Protesting Homosexuals Seize City Hall in S.F.,” Washington Post, 1 Nov. 1969, A2; “Bad Day for Gay Group,” San Francisco Chronicle, 4 Nov. 1969, 37; Leo E. Laurence, “Gay Fifteen Get Shaft,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 7, 27; Leo E. Lawrence, “Gays Rising Up Angry,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 8; “Goons Gang Gay Guerillas,” Berkeley Barb, 7 Nov. 1969, 6; Larry Clarkson, “A Fairy Tale,” San Francisco Free Press, 15 Nov. 1969, 1, 2; Marcus Overseth, “24 Hours: From Bust to Bail,” San Francisco Free Press, 15 Nov. 1969, 3; Leo Laurence, “Blow Job and Other Stories,” Berkeley Tribe, 21 Nov. 1969, 11; “Didn’t Finger Gays Says City Cop,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 9; William Kelley, “L.A., S.F. Papers Picketed,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Nov. 1969, 7; Reese Erlich, “Berkeley’s Berlandt, Gay Liberation for Gay Dignity,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 Dec. 1969, 5; Don Jackson, “First Bloodshed in Gay Freedom Struggle,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 16, 20, 21; Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.8), c. Dec. 1969, 9; Del Martin, “Crime in the Streets,” Vector, Dec. 1969, 9; Don Jackson, “Homosexual Gov’t Planned,” Los Angeles Free Press, 9 Jan. 1970, 1, 6, 7; “S.I.R. Holds Firm,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1970, 7; Del Martin, “Examiner Accused of Yellow Journalism” and “Alvarez Not Guilty,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 7; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 20; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 36; M. Overseth, “Inside Look at Where We Stand,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 5.

 

Document 129: Harper’s Protest, November 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Happy Homos Hit Harpers,” Gay Flames, 14 Nov. 1970, 7.

For related sources, see Joseph Epstein, “Homo/Hetero: The Struggle for Sexual Identity,” Harper’s, Sep. 1970, 37-51; “Gay Alliance Takes over Harper’s Offices,” Los Angeles Times, 28 Oct. 1970, 10; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 9 Nov. 1970, 10; “Harper’s ‘Offending’ Author Speaks to Gay,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 3; Leo Skir, “Breakfast at Harper’s: An Inside View of a Sit-In,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 2, 10; “GAA Zaps Harper’s Magazine,” Los Angeles Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 1, 8; “Zapping Harper’s Magazine,” Publishers’ Weekly, 30 Nov. 1970, 14; “Gay News & Reviews,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, 26 Dec. 1970, 1.

 

For sources on a protest at the Los Angeles Times in November 1969, see “Tangents,” Tangents, Oct. 1969, 10; “Homosexual Unit Pickets the Times,” Los Angeles Times, 6 Nov. 1969, 11; Leo E. Laurence, “Times Hung Up,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 6; E. Sam Jones, “Gays Picket L.A. Times,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Nov. 1969, 11; William Kelley, “L.A., S.F. Papers Picketed,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Nov. 1969, 7; “Los Angeles Times Under Attack,” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 3; “Gays Picket Los Angeles Times,” GAY, 31 Dec. 1969, 3; “Tangents Urges L.A. Times Boycott,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 2; Jeff Buckley, “Los Angeles ’69,” Vector, Dec. 1969, 12; “Gays Picket L.A. Times over Paper’s Ad Policy,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 2; “L.A. Times Gives In; ‘Homosexual’ in Ads,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 5.

 

For sources on a protest against TIME magazine in November 1969, see “Major Mags Go Gay,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Dec. 1969, 10, 12; “News,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 6; Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 8; “Picketing TIME,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Dec. 1969, 8; Madolin Cervantes, “Is Militancy the Answer,” Gay Power (1.14), c. Apr. 1970, 8. See also “Photo Causes $2.7 Million Suit,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 1, 9.

 

For sources on a threatened protest against San Francisco’s KFOG in November 1969, see Leo E. Laurence, “Gays vs. KFOG,” Berkeley Tribe, 14 Nov. 1969, 13; “Gays Bend KFOG,” Berkeley Barb, 27 Nov. 1969, 27; “Anti-Thanksgiving March Stuns Exploiters,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 2; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 20; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 37.

 

For sources on a protest at the world premier of the film Boys in the Band in Los Angeles in March 1970, see “‘Boys in Band’ Picketed,” San Francisco Chronicle, 28 Mar. 1970, 30; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8, 19; “Pickets Denounce ‘Boys in the Band,’” GAY, 20 Apr. 1970, 15. For a related protest in Chicago, see Steve Robertson, “Gay Lib Continues to Grow,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, May 1970, 9.

 

For sources on a protest against the New York Daily News in April 1972, see “4 Arrested in Zap at N.Y. Daily News,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 2; John Leroy, “Gay Lib Meets the Homophobes,” GAY, 29 May 1972, 4; Phil Katz, “The Inner Circle Affair,” Gay Activist, May 1972, 3, 4, 6, 13, 16; “Hauppage 3 Guilty,” New York Mattachine Times, June 1972, 14; “The Daily News Blues,” Echo of Sappho, June 1972, 7; “4 Convicted of Trespassing in N.Y. Daily News Protest,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 3, 7.

 

For sources on a protest against the Atlanta Journal Constitution in July 1973, see “Atlanta Lesbians Picket Paper,” The Advocate, 1 Aug. 1973, 2.

 

Document 130: Marcus Welby Demonstrations, Feb. 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Randy Wicker and Martin St. John, “TV Show Sets Off Steam,” The Advocate, 14 Mar. 1973, 1, 23.

For related sources, see Albin Krebs, “‘Welby Is Scored by Gay Activists,” New York Times, 17 Feb. 1973, 6; “Gay Activists Win A.B.C. Concessions,” New York Times, 21 Feb. 1973, 87; “Marcus Welby Stands Pat,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, 2 Mar. 1973, 6; John J. Miller, “Memo from John J. Miller,” San Francisco Examiner, 4 Mar. 1973, 244; “Out of the Closet,” TIME 5 Mar. 1973, 80; “Gays Call Marcus Welby ‘Sick,’” Lesbian Tide, Mar. 1973, 11; “GAA Fights Media Oppression,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1973, 1; “Judge Drops ABC Zap Charges,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 15; “News Briefs,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1973, 2.

 

Document 131: Sanford and Son and Today Show Demonstrations, October 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Activists in Lather over NBC Slurs,” The Advocate, 21 Nov. 1973, 3.

For related sources, see “Gays Zap NBC and Gillette,” Chicago Gay Crusader, Nov. 1973, 1, 6; Bruce Meisner, “Briefs,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Dec. 1973, 9: “Media Images,” Gay Liberator, Feb. 1974, 2.

 

Document 132: Dick Cavett Show Demonstration, November 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Karla Jay, “Lesbians Zap Dick Cavett,” Lesbian Tide, Jan. 1974, 3.

For related sources, see “Gays to Be on Cavett Show,” Los Angeles Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 5; “Gilder Gelded,” Lesbian Feminist, Dec. 1973, 1, 2; “Lesbians Zap Cavett Show: Ashes for an Anti-Gay Lib Author,” The Advocate, 2 Jan. 1974, 5; “Lesbian Feminists Protest on Cavett Show,” Sister, Jan. 1974, 4; Elaine Loferty, letter to the editor, Sister, Feb. 1974, 7.

 

Document 133: CBS Evening News Demonstration, December 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Sneaky Segal Zaps Again!” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 3.

For related sources on Mark Segal and the Gay Raiders in 1972, see Joe O’Dowd, “Gay Lib Gets the Bum’s Rush on Action News,” Philadelphia Daily News, 16 Aug. 1972, 3; John J. Gaffney, “3 ‘Gay Liberationists’ Disrupt WPVI Newscast,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 16 Aug. 1972, 31; “‘Action News Team’ Survives Gay Liberationist Invasion,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 17 Aug. 1972, 34; Tom Fox, “Prince Valiant After the Raid,” Philadelphia Daily News, 17 Aug. 1972, 4; Jim Quinn, “The Storming of WPVI,” Drummer, 24 Aug. 1972, 1, 2, 3; Greg Lee, “Meet Larry Kane’s Best Friend!” Drummer, 24 Aug. 1972, 4; letter to the editor, Philadelphia Daily News, 24 Aug. 1972, 25; Greg Lee, “Remember Tom Fox, Gay Is Delicious,” Philadelphia Daily News, 7 Sep. 1972, 28; “Dancing the Gay Lib Blues…on the Air,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 14; Richard Rusinow, “Philadelphia GAA Zaps Nixon Office,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 3; “Target Was Nixon: He’s Angry,” The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 3; “Nixon Zap ‘Inside Job,’” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 2;

For related sources on Mark Segal and the Gay Raiders in 1973, see “Controversy Surrounds Philadelphia Activist,” GAY, 29 Jan. 1973, 18; “Gays Zap Bell’s Home,” The Advocate, 28 Feb. 1973, 28; “Activist Chains Self in Independence Hall,” GAY, 12 Mar. 1973, 8; “United Fund Staff Locked in Offices during Segal Zap,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 3, 22; “Tonight Show Zapped by Gay Raider,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 3; “2 Gays Arrested at NBC-Burbank,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 15: Richard A. Rusinow, “‘Raider’ Hits Mike Douglas Show,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 1; Randy Wicker, “The Wicker Report,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 4, 15; Les Brown, “N.B.C. Acts after Complaints by Homosexual Organizations,” New York Times, 27 Oct. 1973, 63; “‘Gay Raiders’ Invade Cronkite News Show,” New York Times, 12 Dec. 1973, 94; “Homosexual Protester Interrupts Cronkite Show,” Boston Globe, 12 Dec. 1973, 20; Joe Kennedy, “Raiders Pull Quick Opener on Cronkite,” The Advocate, 2 Jan. 1974, 2, 12; “Cronkite Called for Defense in ‘Zap’ Trial of Gay Raiders,” The Advocate, 13 Feb. 1974, 2; Richard Pfeiffer, “This Month,” Chicago Gay Crusader, Feb. 1974, 4; “CBS Newsman: We Deserve Zaps,” The Advocate, 27 Feb. 1974, 14.

 

For sources on a protest at WIBG in Philadelphia in March 1971, see “Philly Disk Jockey Zapped When Remarks Rile Gays,” The Advocate, 28 Apr. 1971, 4; “Zap!” People’s Gay Sunshine, c. 1971, 8, 18.

 

For sources on a protest against the Bandy Show in New York in April 1971, see Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 24 May 1971, 4; “DOB Zaps Bandy Show and Gets Zapped by N.Y. Post,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, May 1971, 6-8.

 

For sources on protests against Johnny Carson and the Tonight Show in New York in September 1971 and in 1973, see “GAA Starts Campaign against Carson’s Fag Jokes,” The Advocate, 27 Oct. 1971, 20; “GAA’s Zap Again,” Gay Scene, Oct. 1971, 17; John J. Miller, “Memo from John J. Miller,” San Francisco Examiner, 25 Mar. 1973, 230.

 

For sources on a demonstration at the Academy Awards in Los Angeles in April 1972, see “Academy Awards: A Gay Nay,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 3.

 

For sources on protests against WKGO in San Francisco in May 1972, see “Broadcast Brings Protest,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 11.

 

For sources on protests against the Corner Bar show in New York in August 1972, see “GAA Slaps Limp Wrist,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 13; Rob Schnitzer, “Is This Any Way to Run A Network,” Gay Activist, Oct. 1972, 7.

 

For sources on a Los Angeles demonstration against the film So Long, Blue Boy in November 1972, see “Media Task Force Pickets One Film, Eyes Fox Release,” The Advocate, 19 Dec. 1973, 4, 9.

 

For a source on a threatened protest against the “Jack Paar Tonite” show, see “Homosexual Group Gets Its Say on the Paar Show,” New York Times, 3 Feb. 1973, 59.

 

For other sources on media activism, see “Gays Zap Media—And Each Other, Too,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 4, 10; Gregg Kilday, “Gays Lobby for a New Media Image,” Los Angeles Times, 10 Dec. 1973, D1, D25; Doug Sarff, “Gays Gain Reverse of ‘Police Story’ Script,” The Advocate, 2 Jan. 1974, 2, 22.

 

Document 134: University of California, Berkeley, Demonstration, Oct. 1969

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Movement,” Berkeley Barb, 10 Oct. 1969, 12.

For related sources, see Leo E. Laurence, “‘Homosexuals’ Play on U.C. Campus,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 11; Leo Laurence, “Rock Hop Gay Ball,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Oct. 1969, 13; Gay Liberation Theatre,” San Francisco Free Press, 1 Nov. 1969, 8-9; “Gay Sandwich,” Berkeley Tribe, 26 Dec. 1969, 6; Don Jackson, “Gay Militants Demonstrate for Rights at UC, Berkeley,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 1, 3; “Self Defense for Women,” Sisters, 15 Jan. 1970, 1, 4, 5; “U.C. Berkeley Students for Gay Power Blow Some Minds,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 18 Jan. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “Homosexual Gov’t Planned,” Los Angeles Free Press, 9 Jan. 1970, 1, 6, 7; “Gay Pickets Rap Trappers,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1970, 7; Don Jackson, “Tele Kiss-In,” Gay Power (1.9) c. Jan. 1970, 5, 19; Don Jackson, “West Coast Report,” Gay Power (1.10), c. Feb. 1970, 7; “Gay Lovers Now Personae Gratae on UC Campus,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Mar. 1970, 2l; Konstantin Berlandt, “Cheek to Cheek,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Mar. 1970, 10; Don Jackson, “Sieze [sic] the Cans!!” Berkeley Barb, 3 Apr. 1970, 5; Don Jackson, “National Student Conference,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8, 19; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Gays Threaten S. F. State,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 20; “LACC Picketing Opens Lines of Communication,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 2; “Issue to College,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 2; “Little Leniency in LACC Cases,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 2; “Gay Student Confab Called,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 12; Donovan Bess, “Homosexual Calls for Militancy,” San Francisco Chronicle, 22 Aug. 1970, 5; Leo Laurence, “Strait Gays Badrap Blacks,” Berkeley Barb, 28 Aug. 1970, 9; “Gay Liberation Theatre—Fall Offensive,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1970, 3; “Gay Lib.: Proposed Conference Schedule,” Vector, Aug. 1970, 41; “No Support for Thorpe ‘Violence’ Speech, Kight Says,” Los Angeles Advocate, 16 Sep. 1970, 2; Dennis Altman, “A Young Australian Speaks His Mind about Gay Liberation,” Vector, Oct. 1970, 38; Bill Cockerham, “”Jock-Lib Big Game Protest,” San Francisco Chronicle, 7 Nov. 1970, 38; Bill Cockerham, “Big Game ‘Liberation,’” San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Nov. 1970, 47, 49; Bill Cockerham, “Big Game Jog-in Off,” San Francisco Chronicle, 18 Nov. 1970, 65, 67; Art Rosenbaum, “The Big Confrontation,” San Francisco Chronicle, 19 Nov. 1970, 56; Dennis Altman, “One Man’s Gay Liberation,” Come Out, Dec. 1970, 20.

 

Document 135: Sacramento State University Student Activism, 1969-1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Sacramento State Students Due to Get Okay for Gay Group,” Los Angeles Advocate, 27 May 1970, 1.

For related sources in 1969 and 1970, see Austin Wehrwein, “Minn. U. Recognizes Club for Homosexuals,” Washington Post, 25 Nov. 1969, A2; Ron Moskowitz, “Tighter Clamp on Campus Papers,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Nov. 1969, 6; John Dreyfuss, “State College Presidents Told to Police Student Publications,” Los Angeles Times, 25 Nov. 1969, 3, 25; “U. of Minn. Recognizes Homophile Group,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1970, 5; “Homosexual Club Denied Campus OK,” Los Angeles Times, 6 Mar. 1970, B5; “A Trustee’s Chagrin over Gay Class,” San Francisco Chronicle, 25 Mar. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “Seize the Cans!!” Berkeley Barb, 3 Apr. 1970, 5; “No Queers Wanted,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8, 19; “Sacramento State Students Sue to Get Okay for Gay Group,” Los Angeles Advocate, 27 May 1970, 1; “Legislator Urges Action against FSU’s ‘Gay Front,’” Tampa Tribune, 4 June 1970; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Liberation Goal Is Freedom and Official Recognition,” Miami News, 1 Sep. 1970, 1C, 2C; Hiram Ruiz, “Gay Liberation Heads South,” Come Out!, Sep. 1970, 13; “Homosexuals: Ban Archaic,” Sun Sentinel (Ft. Lauderdale/Broward), 8 Oct. 1970, 16A; “GLF Held Eligible for Kansas Campus,” Los Angeles Advocate, 14 Oct. 1970, 2; “Homosexual Play Gets High School Approval,” Los Angeles Advocate, 14 Oct. 1970, 3; “Gay Group Wins Approval for Ads in FSU Newspaper,” Tampa Tribune, 15 Oct. 1970; “Sacramento Case Pends,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 19; “Florida Student Paper Must Accept GLF Ads,” Los Angeles Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 6; Hiram Ruiz, “News: Tallahassee GLF,” Come Out!, Dec. 1970, 4.

 

For sources on protests at New York University in September and October 1970, see Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 14 Sep. 1970, 4; “100 in N.Y.U. Sit-In Charge Bias Against Homosexuals,” New York Times, 21 Sep. 1970, 26; “400 in ‘Gay’ Protest Dispersed by Police,” New York Times, 26 Sep. 1970, 22; Jay Levin, “Sad End for Dorm Gay Gala,” New York Post, 26 Sep. 1970, 13; “N.Y.U. Zaps Gays,” Mattachine Times, Sep. 1970, 1-2; B. Ryan, “Gay Protests Keep N.Y.C. Police Busy,” Gay Scene, Sep. 1970, 3; “Battles Go On,” Gay Flames, no. 4, c. Sep. 1970, 1, 2; “Out of the Closets and into the Subcellar,” Rat, 6 Oct. 1970, 25; Arthur Bell, “Sylvia Goes to College: ‘Gay Is Proud’ at NYU,” Village Voice, 15 Oct. 1970, 61; “NYU Sit-Ins Make Demands,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970; “Demonstrators Challenge New York University Policies,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 1; “NYU. Students Support Gay Sit-In 2 to 1,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 1; Ellen Broidy, “Gay Action N.Y.U,” Come Out!, Dec. 1970, 4; “Sexism in the Schools,” Gay Dealer, c. Dec. 1970, 4, 5; “T.V. Guide,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 6.

 

Document 136: Prison Protests in New York, February 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Gays Protest Brutality in N.Y.C. Prisons,” The Advocate, 14 Apr. 1971, 20.

For related sources, see “From Outside the Pen,” Rat, late July 1969, 4; Gay Liberation Front Bulletin, 23 Dec. 1969, 1; “Community Bulletin Board,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970, 2; Leo Skir, “Gay Liberation,” The Ladder, Feb. 1970, 8-13; “Out of the Closets, Into the Street!” Rat, 20 Mar. 1970, 10; Allen Warshawsky, “‘Take Good Care of My Brother,’” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 4; Martha Shelley, “The Young Lords,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 10; Bob Kohler, “Gay Liberation Front—New York,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 10; A Radicalesbian, “We’re Not Gay, We’re Angry,” Rat, 11 Sep. 1970, 3; A Flaming Faggot, “We’re Not Gay, We’re Angry,” Rat, 11 Sep. 1970, 3, 27; B. Ryan, “Gay Protests Keep N.Y.C. Police Busy,” Gay Scene, Sep. 1970, 3; “N.Y.U. Zaps Gays,” Mattachine Times, Sep. 1970, 1-2; Bob Kohler, “Oh’ Happy Day!” Come Out!, Sep. 1970, 22; “Support Lesbian, Transvestite, and Gay Inmates,” Gay Flames, 12 Feb. 1971, 1, 6; Martha Shelley, “Gays Riot Again,” Come Out!, Sep. 1970, 3; “Dead Prisoner’s Case Still Brewing,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1971, 12; “May Day March to Free Gay Prisoners,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Apr. 1971, 3; “GAA Probes Possible ‘Gay Attica’ in N.Y.C.,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 2; “Gay Inmates at Tombs Riot,” Gay Activist, Nov. 1971, 1, 15.

 

Document 137: Prison Protests in Los Angeles, June 1972

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Women Hit Jail Treatment,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 14.

For related sources, see Helen Koblin, Sybil Brand Institute: The Daddy Tank,” Los Angeles Free Press, 9 June 1972, 15; “Los Angeles Women’s Jail Protest Set,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 10; “Stonewall Blasts Seattle Prisons,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 21; “Prison Demo,” Gay Sunshine, June 1972, 2; “We Mean Business,” Lesbian Tide, July 1972, 1; “Florida Prisoners Fight News Ban,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 9; Don Jackson, “Gay Death at Vacaville,” Gay Activist, Oct. 1972, 8-9; “And Florida?” Gay Liberator, Feb. 1973, 5; “Gays March on Cook County Jail,” Chicago Gay Crusader, July 1973, 8; Charolette Dean, “Lesbian Pride Activities,” Lavender Woman, Aug. 1973, 4-5; “Demonstrators Ask Gay Inmate Reforms,” The Advocate, 2 Jan. 1974, 10.

 

Document 138: Antiwar Protest in San Francisco, November 1969

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Peace March,” Gay Power (1.7), c. Dec. 1969, 16.

For related sources in 1969 and 1970, see Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 16 Oct. 1969, 1; Ralph Hall, “Gay Liberation Front,” Gay Power (1.5), c. Oct. 1969, 18; “Gay Mobe,” Berkeley Tribe, 14 Nov. 1969, 3; Don Jackson, “Gay Liberation Peace March,” Berkeley Barb, 21 Nov. 1969, 5; “SFL Has Balls,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 4; “Anti-War March Includes Gays,” GAY, 1 Dec. 1969, 3; Jefferson Fuck Poland, letter to the editor, Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 14; Michael Francis Itkin, “The Homosexual Liberation Movement: What Direction?” Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 16; Michael Francis Itkin, “The Homosexual Liberation Movement: What Direction?” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 8; Leo E. Laurence, “BAYPAC,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 Dec. 1969, 8; Earl Galvin, Dan Smith, and Mike Brown, “Washington Moratorium: 3 Views,” Come Out!, 10 Jan. 1970; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Mar. 1970, 24; Bob Kohler, “Gay Liberation Front-New York,” Gay Power (1.16), Apr. 1970, 6; Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup from Across the Country,” Los Angeles Free Press, 1 May 1970, 29; William B. Kelley, “Gays Stage Loop Protest,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, May 1970, 1, 11; “N.Y. Gays Join in Washington War Protest,” Los Angeles Advocate, 10 June 1970, 4; “GLF Mans Booth at Navy Base,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 9, 11.

 

Document 139: Antiwar Protest in Washington, D.C., April 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Dave L. Aiken, “Thousands Protest War: Activists Turn Out in D.C.,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 1, 7.

For related sources in 1971-1973, see “Gay May Day Tribe,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 Mar. 1971, 11; “Gay Contingent for Washington Anti-War March,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Mar. 1971, 7; Martha Shelley, “Washington April 24,” Come Out!, Spring 1971, 18; “Gays for Peace,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Apr. 1971, 4; “Gay Group,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Apr. 1971, 2, 13; Martin Arnold, “War Goes March in the Rain Here,” New York Times, 23 Apr. 1972, 1, 54; Martha Shelley, “Washington: April 24,” Rat, 3 May 1971, 21; Pete Fisher, “500 Homosexuals March for Peace,” GAY, 24 May 1971, 1, 3, 8; Doug Beardslee and Jim Kepner, “Thousands Protest War: Gay Lib Marches in S.F.,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 1, 6; “Peace & Goodwill?” Gay Activist, May 1971, 5; “Gay May Day,” Fag Rag, June 1971, 9; “Gays Against War,” Gay Sunshine, June 1971, 5; “Peace Rally Includes Gays,” GAY, 6 Dec. 1971, 6; “Gays Vital to Peace Drive,” Kight Says,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 13; “Peace Rally Told It’s Time to Aid Gays,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 15; “Owles Warns Gays Tired of Being Used,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 24; “Less Talk—More Action,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Dec. 1971, 11; Gerald Jacks and Dorothy Dillon, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 32; “Anti-War March Split Looms in L.A.,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 7; “Most Groups to Skip L.A. Peace March,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 12; “Lesbians Lead Gay Contingent in L.A. Peace March,” The Advocate, 24 May 1972, 6; Jeanne Cordova, “Gays Out-Front at Anti-War Convention,” Lesbian Tide, Sep. 1972, 2; “San Diego Gays in Peace March,” The Advocate, 14 Feb. 1973, 9; Cade Ware and Perrin Shaffer, “Nation’s Last War Protest Includes Gays,” GAY, 12 Mar. 1973, 1, 4.

 

Document 140: California Sex Law Protest in Los Angeles, Nov. 1969

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “‘Not Afraid Any More’: Rev. Perry Leads 200 in Protest Against Sex Laws,” Los Angeles Advocate, Jan. 1970, 1, 2.

For related sources, see Leo Laurence, “Blow Job and Other Stories,” Berkeley Tribe, 21 Nov. 1969, 11; “March on Court,” Los Angeles Free Press, 21 Nov. 1969, 10; Don Jackson, “Los Angeles Gay Establishment,” Berkeley Barb, 28 Nov. 1969, 15; Don Jackson, “LA March,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 4; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Power,” Berkeley Barb, 12 Dec. 1969, 6; Douglas Key, “Homosexual Motorcade Freaks Hollywood Blvd.,” Los Angeles Free Press, 12 Dec. 1969, 9; “Los Angeles Clergyman Leads 200 in Sex-Law Protest March,” GAY, 31 Dec. 1969, 3, 10; Don Jackson, “Gays Alive Down South,” Berkeley Barb, 9 Jan. 1970, 7; “Gay Way,” Berkeley Barb, 9 Jan. 1970, 14; “Gays Smack South,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Jan. 1970, 7; Douglas Key, “Gay Solidarity March,” Los Angeles Free Press, 23 Jan. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “West Coast Report,” Gay Power (1.9), c. Jan. 1970, 5, 19; Mel Holt, “Gay March in Hollywood,” Gay Power (1.9), c. Jan. 1970, 5; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 20; “Hollywood March,” Vector, Feb. 1970, 14; “250 March in Los Angeles,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1970, 1; “Rev. Perry Leads 250 in L.A. March for Rights,” Los Angeles Advocate, Mar. 1970, 1, 2; Mel Holt, “Committee for Homosexual Law Reform in Hollywood Protest,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 11; Douglas Key, “L.A. Sweep,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 12; Douglas Key, letter to the editor, Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 12; Angela Douglas, “Gays Federal Fast,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 July 1970, 5; “Perry Busted As He, 7 Others Start Fast,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2, 7; “Perry Ends Rights Fast; Success Indicated,” Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 1, 5; “All The News That Fits Our Print,” Mattachine Times, Aug. 1970, 9; “Perry Convicted of Malicious Obstruction,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sep. 1970, 1; “Perry’s Conviction Reversed on Appeal,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 6; “Rev. Perry Faces Retrial,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 13; “Troy Perry Again Found Guilty in Retrial on Blocking Sidewalk,” The Advocate, 9 June 1971, 2, 27; “Gays Zap SIR,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1972, 1; Gay Sunshine Collective, Editorial, Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1972, 2; “Perry Conviction Reversed Again,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 9.

For related sources on San Francisco, see “Gays Zap SIR,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1972, 1, 2; Gay Sunshine Collective, “San Francisco Gay Liberationists,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1972, 1; Editorial, Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1972, 2.

 

Document 141: New York Cross-Dressing Law Reform, October 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Hail to Queens,” Mattachine Times, Nov. 1970, 1, 2.

For related sources, see “Mattachine Defends Drags,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 3; letters to the editor, Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sep. 1970, 18; “N.Y. ‘Queens” Back City Down on Dance Permit,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 24; “T.V. Guide,” Gay Sunshine, c. Mar. 1971, 6; Lee Brewster, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 22.

 

Document 142: Albany March, March 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Breck Ardery, John Francis Hunter, and Joe Murray, “At Least 2500 March on N.Y. State Capitol,” The Advocate, 14 Apr. 1971, 1, 3.

For related sources, see “N.Y. Leaders Testify at Assembly Hearings on Gays’ Problems,” Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 4; “Gay Rights March Planned on New York State Capitol,” The Advocate, 17 Mar. 1971, 2; “Marching on Albany,” Mattachine Times, Mar. 1971, 3-4, 7, 14; Peter Fisher, “3,000 March on N.Y. State Capitol,” GAY, 12 Apr. 1971, 1, 3, 8; “Gays March on Albany,” Gay Activist, April 1971, 1, 8; “TV’s and Queens March on Albany: Seek Statute to Legalize Crossdressing!” Drag (1.3), c. Apr. 1971, 30; Richard Wandel, “‘Victimless Crimes’ Hearings Attract Kooks,” GAY, 25 Oct. 1971, 4; “Marchers Ask Rights in Albany,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 2, 5; Guy Charles, “March to Albany: A Lesson in Love,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 5; John P. LeRoy, “Albany March Starts With Times Square Kiss-Off,” GAY, 15 May 1972, 1, 19; “Albany Zap Results in Beatings, 1 Arrest,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 6.

 

Document 143: Miami Beach Female Impersonation Law Reform, June 1972

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Lee G. Brewster, “To Cross-Dressers Everywhere,” Drag (2.7), c. July 1972.

For related sources, see “Redress in Miami,” Erickson Educational Foundation Newsletter, Winter 1971, 3; “Cross-Dress Ban Illegal,” The Advocate, 27 Oct. 1971, 3; “Transvestites Win Suit,” Boston Globe, 23 June 1972, 2; “Court Voids Miami Beach Drag Bans,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 4; John P. LeRoy, “Who’s A Lady in Miami?” GAY, 24 July 1972, 10; “Victory for Gays in Florida,” Gay Scene, July 1972, 22.

 

Document 144: Chicago Cross-Dressing Law Reform, 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Cross-Dressing OK,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1973, 5.

For related sources, see Larry Gulian, “Repeal of Anti-Transvestite Ordinance Proposed,” Chicago Gay Crusader, June 1973, 12; “Judge Says He’ll Void Anti-Drag Law,” Chicago Gay Crusader, Sep. 1973, 1; “Council to Consider Gay Bills,” Chicago Defender, 9 Oct. 1973, 11; Joseph Longmeyer, “Gays Push for Rights Here,” Chicago Defender, 10 Oct. 1973, 3; “Gays Heard by Council,” Chicago Defender, 11 Oct. 1973, 2; “Chicago Judge Axes Cross-Dressing Law,” The Advocate, 24 Oct. 1973, 7; “Judge Overturns Anti-Drag Law,” Chicago Gay Crusader, Oct. 1973, 1, 10; Blaise Pascal, “Judge Rules Drag O.K.,” GPU News, Oct. 1973, 1, 22; “Crossdressing Ban Under Fire,” Erickson Educational Foundation Newsletter, Fall 1973, 2.

 

For related sources on trans law reform, see “Detroiters Fight Accosting & Soliciting, Female Attire Codes,” The Advocate, 29 Sep. 1971, 6; “Transsexual Fined $1,” The Advocate, 24 May 1972, 11; “Impersonation Law Out,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 17; “A Collective Editorial,” Lesbian Tide, Dec. 1972, 21, 29; “Phone-In Hits City Hall: Thousands of Calls Protest Drag Ball Arrests,” The Advocate, 3 Jan. 1973, 5; “TV Station Cancels Phone-In News Meet,” The Advocate, 3 Jan. 1973, 5; “Sisters Staff Quits: Transsexual Ban Splits DOB Unit,” The Advocate, 3 Jan. 1973, 14; Angela Keyes Douglas, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 36; “Transsexuals Hex Robin Morgan,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 21; “Toledo’s ‘Pervert Drag’ Law Voided,” The Advocate, 7 Nov. 1973, 16.

 

Document 145: D.C. Sex Law Protest, November 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Activist Invites D.C. Officials to Have Sex with Him,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 12.

For related sources, see “‘To Bring the Matter to a Climax,’: Kameny ‘Solicits’ Police Chief for Sodomy,” Chicago Gay Crusader, Nov. 1973, 7.

 

For related sources on sex law reform protests, see “Michigan Gays Attack Bill Legalizing Same-Sex Acts,” The Advocate, 25 Oct. 1972, 2; “Gay-Attacked Consent Law ‘Could Pass’ in Michigan,” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 2, 20; “Detroit Group Disbands after Defeats,” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 20; “Law Reform Push Fails in Michigan,” The Advocate, 3 Jan. 1973, 3; “300 Gays Flood Denver Hearing on Criminal Code,” The Advocate, 21 Nov. 1973, 12; “Denver Bends,” The Advocate, 19 Dec. 1973, 3.

 

Document 146: ABC/KGO Protests in San Francisco, January 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Gays Picket ABC Station,” Los Angeles Advocate, Mar. 1970, 9.

For related sources, see “KGO Blows Fuse,” Berkeley Tribe, 10 Oct. 1969, 24; “KGO Can’t Dig It,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Oct. 1969, 13; Phineas Israeli, “The Gay Blues,” Berkeley Tribe, 7 Nov. 1969, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Instead of Turkey, Tender Loins,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 9; Leo E. Laurence, “Roland Raps, Leo Listen,” Berkeley Tribe, 26 Dec. 1969, 8; “ABC’s of Love,” Berkeley Tribe, 9 Jan. 1970, 8; “Gays to Hit ABC,” Berkeley Barb, 9 Jan. 1970, 7, 14; “Gay Protest Planned on ABC Firing,” San Francisco Chronicle, 9 Jan. 1970, 7; Don Jackson, “Homosexual Gov’t Planned,” Los Angeles Free Press, 9 Jan. 1970, 1, 6, 7; “Peaceful Demonstration at K.G.O. This Friday,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 1; “Gay Women’s Liberation to Support Demonstration at K.G.O. This Friday,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 4; “Fact Sheet: Gay Liberation Front vs. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 5; “ABC Freak Out: Fun and Come,” Berkeley Tribe, 16 Jan. 1970, 2; “Big Battle Looms,” Berkeley Barb, 16 Jan. 1970, 7; “A Parade of Gay Pickets,” San Francisco Chronicle, 17 Jan. 1970, 3; “Demonstration at K.G.O. Gets Widespread Support by Media,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 18 Jan. 1970, 1; Don Burton, “Inside ABC: Lover Tells All,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1970, 7; “Outside Support Actions,” Berkeley Barb, 23 Jan. 1970, 7; Leo Laurence, “KGO Blows,” Berkeley Tribe, 24 Jan. 1970, 11; Gale Whittington, “Union Backs Gay Lib,” Berkeley Barb, 30 Jan. 1970, 5; Gale Whittington, “Gay Labor Pain,” Berkeley Tribe, 30 Jan. 1970, 11; “GLF Marches on ‘Love’ Station,” Rat, 9 Feb. 1970, 10; Leo E. Laurence, “Leo Wins!!” Berkeley Tribe, 13 Feb. 1970, 14; “Radicals to Picket ABC,” GAY, 16 Feb. 1970, 20; “Gay Fronters’ Obscenity Case Dismissed,” San Francisco Chronicle, 19 Feb. 1970, 18; Don Jackson, “West Coast Report,” Gay Power (1.10), c. Feb. 1970, 7; Jerry Johnson, “Onto the Street,” San Francisco Free Press, Mar. 1970, 7; “KGO Gooses Gay,” Berkeley Barb, 20 Mar. 1970, 2; “Leo Re-Fired,” Berkeley Tribe, 20 Mar. 1970, 12; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 17, 21; Leo E. Laurence, “Firing Line,” Berkeley Tribe, 3 Apr. 1970, 10; Leo E. Laurence, “‘Don’t Hide It,’” Berkeley Barb, 3 Apr. 1970, 9; “Judge Rules Gay Slogans Disturbed Peace,” San Francisco Chronicle, 23 Apr. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “‘Suck Cock, Beat Draft,” Berkeley Barb, 1 May 1970, 10; Don Jackson, “Suck Cock to Beat the Draft,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 15; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 6; Don Jackson, “Indecent…Profane…Vulgar,” San Francisco Free Press, May 1970, 2; Paul Cantor, “K-K-KGO Must Go!!!” Berkeley Barb, 12 June 1970, 4, 6; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 4; “Gays Versus KKKGO,” Berkeley Barb, 30 July 1971, 9.

 

Document 147: Barney’s Beanery Demonstrations in Los Angeles, February 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Don Jackson, “Barneys Turns Gay,” Gay Power (1.11), c. Feb. 1970, 10, 21, 22.

For related sources, see Douglas Key, “Gay Lib Front Meets; Plans to Picket Barney’s Beanery,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Feb. 1970, 17; Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation News Roundup,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Feb. 1970, 3, 12; Don Jackson, “Gays Blast Barney,” Berkeley Barb, 13 Feb. 1970, 11; Don Jackson, “Gay Bar Politics,” Berkeley Barb, 20 Feb. 1970, 9; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “South Calif,” San Francisco Free Press, Mar. 1970, 3; Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3, 15; Douglas Key, “Decor Improves at Barney’s,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Mar. 1970, 5; “LA Gays Boycott Barney’s Beanery,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 1; “Gays Picket Barney’s,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 1, 2; Don Jackson, “Barney’s Sign Sold; Be Coming Gay,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 12; “Gay Groups Win: Signs Come Down at Barney’s Beanery,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 3, 7; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.14), c. Apr. 1970, 10; “‘Fagots’ Stay Out? Ho, Hum,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 7.

 

For sources on other demonstrations against businesses in Los Angeles, see “Gays Picket L.A.’s May Co. over Arrests,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sep. 1970, 6; “New L.A. Group Aims Protest at Right, Left,” The Advocate, 7 July 1971, 3, 8.

 

Document 148: Macy’s Protests in San Francisco, July 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “S.F. Gays Picket Macy’s over Busts,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 1.

For related sources, see “Homosexuals Warning,” Berkeley Barb, 3 July 1970, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Now at Macy’s—Tragicomic T-Room Crusade,” Berkeley Barb, 10 July 1970, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Macy’s Bitchy,” Berkeley Barb, 17 July 1970, 6; “S.F. Busts Fall; Macy’s Called Liar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 7; “Carrying the War to Macy’s,” Berkeley Barb, 31 July 1970, 4, 9; “Dept. Store Faggot,” Gay Sunshine, Aug. 1970, 3; Charles Lee, “Battle of the Busts in S.F.,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sep. 1970, 1, 6; “San Francisco Gays Picket Macy’s,” GAY, 21 Sep. 1970, 3; Charles Lee, “Macy’s Talks, But Not Much,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sep. 1970, 8; “Around the Movement,” Mattachine Times¸Oct. 1970, 6; “S.F. Groups Calling for Macy’s Boycott,” The Advocate, 20 Jan. 1971, 2; “S.F. Gays Launch Big Macy’s Boycott,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 8; “Macy’s Security Chief Indicted, Fired for Taping Employe Conversations,” The Advocate, 13 Feb. 1974, 21.

 

For sources on protests against Pacific Telephone in the Bay Area, see “Battle for a ‘Homophile’ Phone Listing,” San Francisco Chronicle, 9 Sep. 1968, 36; D. C. and R. S., “Ma Bell Gets Yellow Suit,” Vector¸ Oct. 1968, 5, 29; Larry Littlejohn, “The President’s Corner,” Vector, Oct. 1968, 7; Del Martin, “Don’t Look in the Yellow Pages…Yet,” The Ladder, Dec. 1968, 30; “SIR vs. PT&T,” Vector, Mar. 1969, 6; “Homosexuals vs. Phone Firm Again,” San Francisco Chronicle, 15 Apr. 1969, 2; “Organized Women vs. Homosexuals,” San Francisco Chronicle, 16 Apr. 1969, 2; “Gays Flex Muscles,” Berkeley Barb, 18 Apr. 1969, 21; “Across the Editor’s Desk,” Vector, Apr. 1969, 6; “Cross Currents,” The Ladder, Oct. 1969, 31-32; “Yellow Pages Reject Homophile Groups,” Washington Post, 3 Dec. 1969, A7; “Yellow Pages Reject ‘Homo Phile Listing,” GAY, 31 Dec. 1969, 3; “Gay Telephone Listings?—P.U.C. Prejudice Charged,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 8; “California PUC Denies Gay Yellow Pages Listing,” Los Angeles Advocate, Feb. 1970, 5, 13; “Gays Lose Court Battle on ‘Homophile’ Phone List,” Los Angeles Advocate, 16 Sep. 1970, 2; “State Agency Upholds Pacific Telephone’s Rejection of SIR Ad,” The Advocate, 8 Jan. 1971, 2; “New Try on Phone Listing Cites Magnolia Thunderpussy,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 1, 12; “High Court Takes Phone Case,” The Advocate, 21 July 1971, 15; “Ma Bell Gives in to SIR—But Gays Want It To Be Legal,” The Advocate, 1 Sep. 1971, 6; “Phone Company to Be Zapped,” The Advocate, 29 Sep. 1971, 6; “Won’t Hire Gay, Says ‘Ma Bell’, But. . .,” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 5; “Another Insult!” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 24; “PT&T Eyes Hiring Policy,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 13; “Ma Bell Will Ignore S.F.’s Gay Ordinance,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 4; “Ma Bell,” Gay Sunshine, c. Aug. 1972, 1; George Mendenhall, “Ma Bell Clings to Anti-Gay Policy in Liberated S.F.,” The Advocate, 3 Jan. 1973, 6; “Press Presence Blights S.F. Phone Bias Talks,” The Advocate, 17 Jan. 1973, 13; Gerald Hansen, “Telephone Company Warned by Activists,” GAY, 12 Feb. 1973, 1, 5; George Mendenhall, “Bans Gays, Gets Brotherhood Award,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 3; “Ma Bell Zapped in San Francisco,” The Advocate, 23 May 1973, 5.

 

For sources on other demonstrations against businesses in the Bay Area, see Leo Laurence, “Blow Job and Other Stories,” Berkeley Tribe, 21 Nov. 1969, 11; Leo Laurence, “Instead of Turkey, Tender Loins,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 9; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays Get Rise Out of Delta,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 11, 27; Don Burton, “Flying Straight: Coffee, Tea, or Me,” Berkeley Tribe, 27 Nov. 1969, 15; “Gays Not Thankful,” Berkeley Barb, 5 Dec. 1969, 5; Leo E. Laurence, “Making Tracks Through San Fran,” Berkeley Tribe, 5 Dec. 1969, 24; “Anti-Thanksgiving March Stuns Exploiters,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 2; Francis Itkin, “Delta Sexual Fascism,” San Francisco Free Press, 7 Dec. 1969, 2; Leo E. Laurence, “Gays vs. KFOG,” Berkeley Tribe, 14 Nov. 1969, 13; “Gays Bend KFOG,” Berkeley Barb, 27 Nov. 1969, 27; “Homophile News Fronts,” Vector, Jan. 1970, 20; “Mini-Bike Cops Praised,” San Francisco Chronicle, 10 June 1970, 47.

 

For sources on demonstrations against bars in the Bay Area, see “Unusual Services Cap Victory over Berkeley Gay Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 9; “Ruthie & Joe,” Gay Sunshine, Oct. 1970, 2-3; Konstantin, “Gay Horse Is A Dead Horse,” Gay Sunshine, Nov. 1970, 12; “GLF Action at the Stud,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 2.

 

Document 149: Bar Protests in Los Angeles, 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Ralph S. Schaffer, “GLF Hits Exploitation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 54, 62.

For relates sources on Los Angeles, see Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation Reports Growth, Plans to Picket Non-Drag Gay Bars,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Mar. 1970, 23; “L.A. Gay Lib Pickets Theatre, Bar, Charging Community Exploited,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 3; “Picketing Off at L.A. Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sep. 1970, 3; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 28 Sep. 1970, 8; “Los Angeles Bar Picketed by GLF,” Los Angeles Advocate, 14 Oct. 1970, 5; “GLF Wins Touch Privileges at Bar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 5; Mike Merry, “Farm Animals,” Gay Sunshine, Oct. 1970, 2-3; “Bar in N.Y. ‘Liberated’ by Gay Kiss-In,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 3; “Parade Caps GLF Touch-Ins,” Los Angeles Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 1, 19; “Zapping Lillian’s,” Gay Sunshine, Aug. 1971, 5; “Gay Men Join Lesbians in Demonstration at Bar,” Mother, Aug. 1971, 1.

 

Document 150: Bar Protests in Chicago, July 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Bull from the Bar,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Sep. 1970, 3.

For related sources on Chicago, see “The Bars, They Are A-Changin,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, 19 May 1970, 1, 2; Steve Robertson, “Dancing Comes to Normandy,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, June 1970, 6; Loretta Mears, “I’m Hurt…I’m Angry,” Lavender Woman, July 1972, 4; David Thierry, “Brother Puts Gay Lib Down,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sep. 1970, 6; Robert Stanley, “Gays Picket Restaurant,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sep. 1970, 9; Bob Stanley, “Homophile Homefront,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Sep. 1970, 10; Richard Chinn, “Brother Defends Gay Lib Tactics,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Oct. 1970, 11, 12.

 

For sources on other demonstrations against businesses in Chicago, see “Gay Legal Action Taken Against Astro,” Chicago Gay Liberation Newsletter, Sep. 1970, 1.

 

Document 151: Bar Protests in Washington, D.C., 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Zapping the Zephyr,” Gay Dealer, c. Dec. 1970, 20.

For related sources on Washington, D.C., see “Chaos Marks Panther Meet,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 8; Nick Benton, “Bar Fight Erupts on Weekend,” GAY, 18 Jan. 1971, 3, 12; “All the News That Fits Our Print,” Mattachine Times, Jan. 1971, 13; “D.C. Twelve,” Gay Sunshine, Jan. 1971, 13; “D.C. 12,” Gay Flames, 12 Feb. 1971, 2; Nancy Tucker, “Plus One Gets Zapped,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 9; “Trial of ‘D.C. 12’—Its Importance to Gays,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Feb. 1971, 7, 9, 11; “Plus One Picket,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 10; Tom Brougham, “DC 12 Charges Dropped,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 11; Tony Jackubosky, “Gay Bar Charged with Black/Female Bias,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 12; “Progress Noted in D.C. Bar Talks,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 5; “DC 12 Charges Dropped,” Gay Sunshine, c. Mar. 1971, 11; “The D.C. 12 Trial—And A Personal Statement,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Mar. 1971, 5-6; “DC-12,” Brother, Apr. 1971, 2, 11; “D.C. Health Club under Attack,” GAY, 25 Oct. 1971, 1, 16; Perrin Shaffer and Randy Dowling, “Gay Racial Controversy Rages in Nation’s Capitol,” GAY, 22 Nov. 1971, 6; “Washington Pickets Says Bar Bans Blacks,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 6; Cliff Witt, letter to the editor, GAY, 20 Dec. 1971, 16; “Picketed Washington Bar Opens Negotiations,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 9; “Compromise Settles D.C. Bar Bias Dispute,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 19; Perrin Shaffer, “D.C. Bar Settles Dispute,” GAY, 1 May 1972, 3.

 

Document 152: Fidelifacts Protest in New York, Jan. 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Snooper’s Office Invaded: Quack, Who’s a Duck?” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 1, 2.

For related sources, see “Sex Snooping Brings Protest,” Los Angeles Advocate, 22 July 1970, 2; “Gay Power News: New York,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 3, 12; Peter Fisher, “Fidelifacts: Sex-Snooping Agency Draws Gay Fire,” GAY, 15 Feb. 1971, 1, 3; “Fidelifacts Pres. Charged with Bribes,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 12.

 

Document 153: Bar Protests in New York City, 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “‘Syndicate’ Lesbian Bar Zapped by N.Y. DOB,” The Advocate, 1 Sep. 1971, 2.

For related sources, see “Bar in N.Y. ‘Liberated’ by Gay Kiss-In,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 3; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 6; Randy Wicker, “Bar Zap Turns into Cocktail Party,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 3, 13; “New York DOB Hold Demonstration against Bar Policy,” Mother, Sep. 1971, 6; “Women Lead 3 Bar Zaps in New York,” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 3, 17; “Singles Bar Targets for ‘Liberators,’” GAY, 11 Dec. 1972, 1, 6; “Gays Zap Bar Where Lesbian Was Arrested,” The Advocate, 3 Jan. 1973, 10; Earl Wilson, “Gay Lib Wins in A Waltz,” New York Daily News, 5 Apr. 1973, 30; Randy Wicker, “R.C.A.’s Rainbow Room Integrated,” GAY, 7 May 1973, 14, 15.

 

For sources on other business protests in New York, see “Household Finance Invaded by Angry Activists,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 1, 10; Richard C. Wandel, “Wild Melee at the YMCA,” GAY, 13 Sep. 1971, 1, 6; Leo Skir, “A Friendly Chat with the Y’s Director,” GAY, 13 Sep. 1971, 8; “The GAA and the YMCA,” Mattachine Times, Sep. 1971, 13; “A Word to the Y’s,” Gay Activist, Sep. 1971, 3, 10; “New York Demonstrators Hit Apartment Ban,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 3; “Park West Zapped: Alcoa Won’t Rap with Gays,” Gay Activist, Feb. 1972, 7; “‘We Don’t Ask,’ Bell System Claims,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 4.

 

For sources on demonstrations against businesses in Detroit, see Dennis Lamiris, “Hudson’s Has A Gift for You,” Gay Liberator, Jan. 1972, 3; Dennis Lambiris, “Your Worst Fears Can Come True,” Gay Liberator, Feb. 1972, 3; “Store Guards in Detroit Attack Gay Demonstrators,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 11; “Sometimes We Need to Be Reminded: Zapping Hudson’s,” Gay Liberator, Mar. 1972, 1.

 

For sources on demonstrations against businesses in Fullerton, California, see “Pizza Patrons Protest Padlocking,” The Advocate, 15 Mar. 1972, 18;

 

For sources on demonstrations against businesses in Seattle, see “Hand-Holding Pair Gets Pair Busted at Roller Rink” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 10; “Gee Whiz, Charges Dropped,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 4.

 

For sources on demonstrations against businesses in Denver, see “No Dancing at the Hilton,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 1; “Denver Hilton Apologizes to Gay,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 12.

 

For sources on demonstrations against businesses in Minneapolis, see “Battle of Ma Bell Spreads to Minnesota,” The Advocate, 29 Aug. 1973, 14; Lars Bjornson, “ACLU Suit Will Challenge Northwestern Bell Hiring Ban,” The Advocate, 10 Oct. 1973, 12.

 

For sources on demonstrations against bars in Louisville, see “Louisville GLF Pickets Bar, Backs Suit,” The Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 2; “Louisville Bar Picketing Ends,” The Advocate, 2 Sep. 1970, 9; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 28 Sep. 1970, 8.

 

For sources on demonstrations against bars in Ithaca, see “Cornell GLF Forces Ithaca Bar to Serve Gays,” The Advocate, 25 Nov. 1970, 5; “Cornell U. GLF Holds Sit-In,” GAY, 21 Dec. 1970, 1, 12; Patrick Doyle, “Ithaca Gays: Unbloodied, Unbowed,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 20.

 

For sources on demonstrations against bars in Hartford, see “Pickets Brave Wind, Rain over Bar’s Rule for Women,” The Advocate, 29 Sep. 1971, 4; Gay Activist, Sep. 1971, 4.

 

For sources on demonstrations against bars in Minneapolis, see “Minnesota Studies Gay Rights Case,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 11; “Rights Commissioner Takes on Lesbian Dance Case,” GAY, 7 Feb. 1972, 6.

 

For sources on demonstrations against bars in Philadelphia, see “Bar Pickets Charge Discrimination,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 24.

 

For sources on demonstrations against bars in Tucson, see “Tucson Pickets Hit Bar’s Dress Policies,” The Advocate, 3 Jan. 1973, 17.

 

For sources on demonstrations against bars in Ann Arbor, see “Lesbian Attacked; Hit City for Inaction,” The Advocate, Nov. 1973, 2.

 

Document 154: Second Bay Area Women’s Coalition Conference, February 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Elsa Gidlow, “Sisters Take A Stand,” Ain’t I A Woman, 25 Sep. 1970, 12.

 

Document 155: Lavender Menace Protest, May 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “The Lavender Menace Strikes,” Come Out!, June 1970, 14.

For related sources, see “Women’s Liberation Is A Lesbian Plot!,” Rat, 8 May 1970, 12; “Congress to Unite Women?” Rat, 8 May 1970, 12; “Lavender Menace Zaps Women’s Lib,” GAY, 25 May 1970, 17; B. B., “Congress to Unite Women,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1970, 5; Pat Maxwell, “Lavender Menaces Confront the Congress to Unite Women,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 8, 21; Arlene Kisner, “Women Coming Together with Women,” Come Out!, June 1970, 14; Judy Cartisano and Sandy, “Lavender Menace Does It: Two Views,” Come Out!, June 1970, 15; “The Lavender Menace: Gay Liberation Front Women and Radical Lesbians, Congress to Unite Women Resolutions, May 1970,” reprinted in Come Out!, June 1970, 14; Karla Jay, “Here Comes the Lavendar [sic] Menace,” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 55.

 

Document 156: Museum of Natural History Demonstration, August 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Judy Burns and Robyn Lutzky, “LFL Zaps Museum of Natural History,” The Lesbian Feminist, Oct. 1973, 1, 2, 6, 7.

For related sources, see John Darnton, “Rallies Muted as Women End Suffrage Celebration,” NYT, 27 Aug. 1973, 59; Vittoria Repetto, “Women’s Day: Lavender Dinosaur Was A Ms.,” The Advocate, 26 Sep. 1973, 2; “Zapping the Intellectual Wing of the Oppressive Bird Brain Establishment,” Sisters, Sep. 1973, 12.

 

Document 157: First National Lesbian Kiss-In, October 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Joannie Millard, “First Nat’l Lesbian Kiss-In,” Lesbian Tide, Dec. 1973, 3-4.

For related sources, see photograph, Los Angeles Free Press, 26 Oct. 1973, 26; “Women at Kiss-In,” Sisters, Nov. 1973, cover and 1.

 

For sources on lesbian feminist protests in the Bay Area in 1970, see “Gay Women’s Liberation to Support Demonstration at K.G.O. This Friday,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom and Berkeley Gay Liberation Front Newsletter, 11 Jan. 1970, 2; Donovan Bess, “Gays Get It All Together – A Vote for Women’s Lib,” San Francisco Chronicle, 27 Aug. 1970, 9.

 

For sources on lesbian feminist protests in New York in 1970-1971, see “Policemen at DOB,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Nov. 1970, 1; “Back to the Closet?,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Nov. 1970, 2; “Police Raid DOB, Arrest Two,” Gay – Women’s Liberation Front Newsletter c. Nov. 1970, 1; “Libbers Protest Name-Calling,” San Francisco Chronicle, 18 Dec. 1970, 21; Judy Klemesrud, “The Lesbian Issue and Women’s Lib,” New York Times, 18 Dec. 1970, 60; Vivian Gornick, “Lesbians and Women’s Liberation: ‘In Any Terms She Shall Choose,” Village Voice, 18 Mar. 1971, 5, 8; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 24 May 1971, 4; “DOB Busted,” Mattachine Times, Oct. 1971, 18; “N.Y. DOB Raided,” GAY, 8 Nov. 1971, 12; “DOB Harassed by 9^th Precinct,” Gay Activist, Nov. 1971, 4.

 

Document 158: Lavender Sunday Protest in Los Angeles, March 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Gay ‘Pope’ Steps Up Campaign,” GAY, 20 Apr. 1970, 15.

For related sources, see Leo E. Laurence, “Hard On! Gay Lib,” Berkeley Tribe, 20 Feb. 1970, 13, 19; “Gay Minority Militancy on the Rise,” Berkeley Barb, 20 Feb. 1970, 11; Don Jackson, “Gays Demand Ninety Billion,” Los Angeles Free Press, 20 Feb. 1970, 18; Douglas Key, “More on Gay Conference,” Los Angeles Free Press, 20 Feb. 1970, 18; Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Feb. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “Pope Delivers Bill,” Gay Power (1.11), c. Feb. 1970, 3; Douglas Key, “Gay Spirit Inspires Catholic Rage,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 16, 19; Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 17; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “$90,000,000,000 Demand,” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 3, 15; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 15, 20.

 

Document 159: Grace Cathedral Protest in San Francisco, December 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Sister Cocaine, “Vatican Rags at Grace Cathedral,” Gay Sunshine, Jan. 1971, 14.

For related sources, see Leo Laurence, “Doin’ It on the Altar,” Berkeley Tribe, 2 Jan. 1970, 7; Leo E. Laurence, “Gay God Squad,” Berkeley Tribe, 9 Jan. 1970, 10; Don Burton, “Was Jesus Gay?” Berkeley Barb, 3 Apr. 1970, 7; Nick Benton, “Gay Lib Seminar for the God Frauds,” Berkeley Barb, 19 Feb. 1971, 13.

 

Document 160: St. Patrick’s Protest in New York, March 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “DOB Pickets St. Patrick’s,” The Advocate, 28 Apr. 1971, 9.

For a related source, see “Demonstrators Claim: ‘God Is Gay,’” GAY, 21 Dec. 1970, 1, 3.

 

For other related sources, see “Gay Front Halts Church Meeting,” Washington Post, 9 Nov. 1970, C7; Ivan G. Goldman, “Gay Front Invades CU Conference,” Washington Post, 12 Nov. 1970, B5; Jim Toy, “Make No Peace with Oppression,” Gay Liberator, Nov. 1970, 1, 14; “Gays Tell It Like It Is at Catholic Seminar,” Los Angeles Advocate, 9 Dec. 1970, 7; Randolfe Wicker, “Demonstrators Claim: ‘God Is Gay,’” GAY, 21 Dec. 1970, 1, 3; John Kavanaugh, “Episcopal Church Hard to Swallow,” Gay Liberator, Dec. 1970, 3, 10; “Service Held on Church Steps,” The Advocate, 17 Mar. 1971, 5; “Philadelphia Pickets Confont Rev. McIntire,” The Advocate, 28 Apr. 1971, 3; “Methodists Suspend Gay Minister,” San Francisco Chronicle, 2 June 1971, 3; “Homosexual Minister Is Ousted by Southwest Texas Methodists,” New York Times, 3 June 1971, 22; Richard Beene, “Southwest Methodists Suspend Admitted Homosexual Minister,” Washington Post, 5 June 1971, B6; “Protesters Try to Disrupt Graham Rally,” Los Angeles Times, 9 June 1971, 12; “Texas Methodists Sack Admitted Gay Minister,” The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 4; “Graham, God, & Rent-A-Kops,” Berkeley Barb, 30 July 1971, 2; “Bill Graham Superstar: Who in the Hell Do You Think You Are?!” Berkeley Tribe, 30 July 1971, 3; “Mass for Gays Draws Criticism,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 6; Freda Smith, “Gays Picket Catholic Church,” Lesbian Tide, Dec. 1972, 9, 10, 14.

 

Document 161: Police Protest in New York, March 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “500 Angry Homosexuals Protest Raid,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 3, 10.

For related sources, see “Homosexuals Hold Protest in ‘Village’ after Raid Nets 176,” New York Times, 9 Mar. 1970, 29; Philip McCarthy, “Impaled, Saved by Fire ‘Docs,’” New York Daily News, 9 Mar. 1970, 1, 4, 40-41; “Jumper’s Condition Still Grave,” New York Post, 10 Mar.  1970, 6; Jonathan Black, “The Boys in the Snake Pit: Games ‘Straights’ Play,” Village Voice, 19 Mar. 1970, 1, 61-64; “Out of the Closets, Into the Streets!” Rat, 20 Mar. 1970, 10; Charles Grutzner, “Slain Man’s Letters Give Impetus to Local and Federal Investigations of After-Hours Clubs Here,” New York Times, 23 Mar. 1970, 33; “Koch Accuses Police Here of Harassing Homosexuals,” New York Times, 26 Mar. 1970, 30; Editorial, Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 3; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 4; “The Morning of the Snake Pit,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 5; Jerry Hoose, “Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.13), c. Mar. 1970, 17, 20; Dick Leitsch, “The Snake Pit Raid: Some Afterthoughts,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 13; “Patrons Tell of Raid from Inside,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 3; “Responsible Cop Cops Out,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 10; “The Snake Pit Raid,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 2; “Political Club Acts to Halt Raids,” GAY, 13 Apr. 1970, 10; Leo Martello, “Raid Victim Impaled on Fence,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 6; “Gays Protest Police Raid on Bar after Young Man Is Impaled on Fence,” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 4; Allen Warshawsky, “‘Take Good Care of My Brother,’” Come Out!, Apr. 1970, 4; “Three Gay Clubs Raided,” Mattachine Society of New York Newsletter, Apr. 1970, 2, 4; “Editorial,” Gay Power (1.14), c. Apr. 1970, 3; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 4; “New York Controversy Continues over Snake Pit Mass Arrest,” Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 2; “G.A.A. Raids Police Headquarters,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 18, 21; John Francis Hunter, “New York Notes,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 11.

 

Document 162: Police Protest in Los Angeles, March 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Douglas Key, “Gays Plan Marches, Leather Sunday,” Los Angeles Free Press, 13 Mar. 1970, 3, 15.

For related sources in 1970, see also Douglas Key, “Gay Liberation,” Los Angeles Free Press, 27 Feb. 1970, 22; Don Jackson, “Justice?” Berkeley Barb, 27 Feb. 1970, 14; “Gay Memorial Services Planned,” Los Angeles Free Press, 6 Mar. 1970, 21; Don Jackson, “Crash Glass House,” Berkeley Barb, 13 Mar. 1970, 9; Charles Baireuther, “Impersonator Death: Parents, Friends Do Not Accept Full Police Report,” Los Angeles Sentinel, 19 Mar. 1970, 20; “Laverne Family Seeks Inquest,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; Douglas Key, “2,000 Homosexuals Hold Los Angeles Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 10 Apr. 1970, 1, 4; Jim Kepner, “Gays Remember Dover Death with Rally, March,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 3; “Family Seeks Inquest in Man’s Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, 29 Apr. 1970, 1, 2; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 8; “Memorial Services for Howard Effland, Victim of Savage L.A. ‘Pigs,’” San Francisco Free Press, Apr. 1970, 2; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Riots Threatened,” Los Angeles Free Press, 15 May 1970, 16, 18; Don Jackson, “L.A. Gay Riots Predicted,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 15, 20; Jim Kepner, “Gays Liberate Police Stations,” Los Angeles Free Press, 22 May 1970, 15; Douglas Key, “Police Raid Gay-In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 5 June 1970, 8; “KNBC Hit for Shelving Death Probe,” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 5; “Gavin Says KNBC Hasn’t Copped Out on Slaying Probe,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 10.

For related sources in 1971, see “GLF Rally, March Jan. 23,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 1; “Police Probe Hassle at Tradesman,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 1, 11; ‘“I Couldn’t Believe What I Was Seeing,’” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 1, 10; Hollywood Police Station Target of L.A. March,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 1, 3; “L.A. Picket,” Gay Sunshine, Feb. 1971, 11; “Watch Out LAPD, GLF Is Going to ‘Magick’ You,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 6; “GLF Gives LAPD A Lift,” The Advocate, 31 Mar. 1971, 4; “LAPD Target of Rights Complaint,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 3; “L.A. Demonstration Set,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 3; Donald Warman, “Los Angeles Police Chief Draws Community Anger,” GAY, 20 Dec. 1971, 1, 8; “Councilman Asks LAPD Hear Gays,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 2, 5; “LAPD Target of New Drive for Gay Rights,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 3, 14.

For related sources in 1972, see “Yuletide Demonstration Weeks Ouster of L.A. Police Chief,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 3, 6; Leo Laurence and Rob Cole, “‘Lepers’ Get Ear of L.A.,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 1, 4; “2 More L.A. Councilmen Back Police Liaison Call,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 2, 7; “Davis Explains Why He Can’t Talk to Gays,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 2, 7; “L.A. Police Board Adopts Citizen Gripe Hearings,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 7; “L.A. Police Board Says Gays Imagining Things,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 11; Rob Cole, “L.A. Crackdown Disputed,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 13, 27; Dave Smith, “Homosexual Groups Push Fight for Liberalized Morals Laws,” Los Angeles Times, 24 Jan. 1972, A1, A3; “Victimless Crime? No Such Thing, Says Chief Davis,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 4; Leo Laurence, “Hostile Police Commission May Be By-Passed on Complaints,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 10; “$1 Million Suit Filed against L.A. Sheriff,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 3; “L.A. Police Board Rejects Complaints,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 9; Randy Wicker, “Police Target of Protesters on 2 Coasts,” Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 1, 14; “Angry Gays March on Hollywood Cops,” The Advocate, 24 Oct. 1973, 3; Doug Sarff, “‘Gay Patrol’ Helps L.A. Cops Guard Mother Nature,” The Advocate, 7 Nov. 1973, 3, 27.

 

Document 163: Police Protest in New York City, August 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “New Gay Riots Erupt in Greenwich Village,” GAY, 21 Sep. 1970, 1, 16.

For related sources, see Frank Prial, “Protest March by Homosexuals Sparks Disturbance in ‘Village,’” New York Times, 30 Aug. 1970, 49; “‘Gay Ghettos’ Seen As Police Targets,” New York Times, 31 Aug. 1970, 28; “Gay Lib Parade A Riot in Village,” New York Daily News, 31 Aug. 1970, 34 or 36; Daniel O’Grady and Paul Meskil, “Cops Will Go 2 by 2 in Dark of Our Jungle,” New York Daily News, 31 Aug. 1970; Howard Blum, “Gays Take on the Cops: From Rage to Madness,” Village Voice, 3 Sep. 1970, 3, 42; A Radicalesbian, “We’re Not Angry, We’re Gay,” Rat, 11 Sep. 1970, 3; A Flaming Faggot, “We’re Not Gay, We’re Angry,” Rat, 11 Sep. 1970, 3, 27; “1000 Gays Riot in New York,” Los Angeles Advocate, 30 Sep. 1970, 1, 10; B. Ryan, “Gay Protests Keep N.Y.C. Police Busy,” Gay Scene, Sep. 1970, 3; Martha Shelley, “Gays Riot Again!” Come Out!, Sep. 1970, 3; Richard Wandel, “200 March in Candlelight Parade,” GAY, 1 Feb. 1971, 1, 3.

 

Document 164: Police Protest in New Orleans, January 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “New Orleans Mayor Sees Irate Gays,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 1, 12.

For a related source, see “New Orleans Chief Denies Entrapment,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 2.

 

For related sources on Chicago, see “Mattachine Threatens Action in New Wave of Chicago Bar Raids,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 2; David Stienecker, “WBA Demonstration,” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Apr. 1970, 3; “Public Affection for Straights Only?” Chicago Gay Pride, June 1971, 4; “Chinn and Cantrell Acquitted,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, July 1971, 3.

 

For related sources on the Bay Area, see Aubrey Bailey, “Bartley Murder March,” Berkeley Barb, 10 Apr. 1970, 2; “Gay Memorial,” Berkeley Tribe, 17 Apr. 1970, 11; Rev. Jim Rankin, “In Memorium: Frank Bartley,” Berkeley Barb, 24 Apr. 1970, 19; Don Jackson, “West Coast Gay Liberation News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 8; “Family to File Suit in Bartley Death,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 5; “Vice,” Berkeley Barb, 19 June 1970, 8; Donovan Bess, “Listening to Gays: A Training ‘Encounter’ for Cops,” San Francisco Chronicle, 10 May 1971, 1, 8; “San Francisco Rites Honor Gays Killed by Vice Cops,” The Advocate, 29 Mar. 1972, 3, 17; “Hittin’ the Hilton,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 6; “4-Year Sex Arrest Climb Traceable to S.F. Mayor?” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 12; “Arrests Climbing in ‘Gay’ San Francisco; Why?” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 4; “S.F. Hilton Gets Taste of Broshears,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 15; “The Lavender Panthers, TIME, 8 Oct. 1973, 73 “Lavender Panthers,” Los Angeles Sentinel, 8 Nov. 1973, A12; “S.F. Stifles Cops Who Insult Gays,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 17.

 

For related sources on Bridgeport, Connecticut, see “Homosexual Protest,” Washington Post, 1 Aug. 1971, A7; “Angry Mob Attacks Festive Gays; Woman Badly Beaten,” GAY, 30 Aug. 1971, 1; David Doyle, “Kalos Group Hits Back at Hostility,” The Advocate, 1 Sep. 1971, 1, 3.

 

For related sources on Long Island, New York, see Richard C. Wandel, “Activists Beaten/Clubbed by L.I. Police,” GAY, 27 Sep. 1971, 1, 8; “Long Island Brutality Stirs Huge GAA Zap,” The Advocate, 15 Sep. 1971, 1, 9; “Brutality—Suffolk Style,” Gay Activist, Sep. 1971, 1, 8-9, 13; Guy Charles, “Long Island Arrests Touch of Protests, New Probe Promises,” The Advocate, 12 Dec. 1971, 2, 5; Guy Charles, “Long Island Police Beat Gay Delegation,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 1, 30; Nicholas Martino, “Suburban ‘Stonewall’ Shakes Long Island,” GAY, 10 Jan. 1972, 1, 6; Guy Charles, “Pair Beaten on Way to See Suffolk D.A.; ‘Set-Up’ Charged,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 3, 10; Nicholas Martino, “Tuesday Bloody Tuesday: Suffolk Police Jump Gays,” GAY, 24 Jan. 1972, 1, 2; “Suffolk Violence Continues,” Gay Activist, Feb. 1972, 9; Charles Burch, “Gay Lib & the Police: Bad Day at Hauppauge,” Village Voice, 4 May 1972, 12, 76; Bruce Gelbert, “Injustice, Suffolk Style,” Gay Activist, May 1972, 8; “Hauppage Three Guilty,” Mattachine Times, May 1972, 14; “3 Convicted in Long Island Incident,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 14; “Wouldn’t Let GAA Pay; Went to Jail,” The Advocate, 15 July 1972, 16; Sorel David, “An Interview with Alecto: The World’s Most Arrested Lesbian,” GAY, 24 July 1972, 9; Sorel David, “Alecto Goes to Jail,” GAY, 7 Aug. 1972, 7, 16.

 

For related sources on Florida, see “Floridians Picket Police; Charge Gays Harassed,” The Advocate, 27 Oct. 1971, 1.

 

For related sources on Washington, D.C., see Jay Mathews, “6 Arrested in Protest at Monument,” Washington Post, 6 Jan. 1972, D2; Carole Smith and David L. Aiken, “U.S. Drops Charges in Washington Protest,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 3, 8; Juan de Casas, “Iwo Jima Memorial Site of Gay Arrests,” GAY, 7 Feb. 1972, 1, 3; “3 Arrested in Sit-In Against D.C. Police,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 1; Cade Ware and Perrin Shaffer, “Activists Arrested in D.C. Police Office,” GAY, 21 May 1973, 17.

 

For related sources on the Inner Circle in New York, see Les Ledbetter, “Homosexuals File Assault Charges against Maye and 6 Others,” The Advocate, 19 Apr. 1972, 23; “New Assault is Reported by Gay Activist Member,” New York Times, 22 Apr. 1972, 19; Eric Pace, “Official Accuses Maye of Assault,” New York Times, 25 Apr. 1972, 11; Laurie Johnston, “Bronx Official Backs ‘Gay’ Complaint,” New York Times, 2 May 1972, 86; “Hogan’s Home Is Picketed by Homosexual Protesters,” New York Times, 5 May 1972, 22; Guy Charles, “Bloody Fracas in N.Y.: Gays Savagely Beaten, Attackers Not Arrested,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 1, 8; “Criminals Outside,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 28; Vicki Richman, “Ex-Heavyweight Boxer Attacks Gays at Hilton Dinner,” GAY, 15 May 1972, 1, 18, 19; Lacey Fosburgh, “Maye Is Held as Harasser in Gay Alliance Outbreak,” New York Times, 23 May 1972, 30; Guy Charles, “Four N.Y. Officials to Testify for Gays in Hilton Beatings,” The Advocate, 24 May 1972, 3; Joseph P. Fried, “Maye Asserts Gay Activists Intentionally Set Up Incident,” New York Times, 24 May 1972, 51; Vicki Richman, “District Attorney Slow to Act on Beatings,” GAY, 29 May 1972, 1, 16; “Inner Circle Case before Grand Jury,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 3; “3 in Gay Unit Seized at a Maye Hearing,” New York Times, 8 June 1972, 35; Vicki Richman, “Supreme Court Judge Hedges on Beatings,” GAY, 12 June 1972, 1, 12; “Slap on Wrist Apparently Due Mickey Maye,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 3; “Law Takes a Holiday,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 26; Lacey Fosburgh, “Maye Kicked Man, Witness Testifies,” New York Times, 24 June 1972, 36; “Maye Cleared of Harming Homosexual,” New York Times, 6 July 1972, 38; “Gay Activist Member Charges 2d Fireman with Beating Him,” New York Times, 7 July 1972, 15; “Grand Jury Clears 2d Fire Union Aide,” New York Times, 8 July 1972, 30; “Firefighter Found Not Guilty,” Chicago Daily Defender, 8 July 1972, 2; Vicki Richman, “‘Justice!’ ‘Justice!’” GAY, 10 July 1972, 1, 18; “District Attorney’s Belated Arrest Stirs Anger in N.Y. Gay Circles,” GAY, 10 July 1972, 1, 10; John LeRoy, “Michael Maye: Soap Opera in Court Continues,” GAY, 10 July 1972, 1, 10; John LeRoy, “Maye Trial Nears Completion,” GAY, 24 July 1972, 1, 18; Vicki Richman, “Maye Verdict: Was Justice Served?” GAY, 7 Aug. 1972, 1, 3, 10; Edward Hudson, “Protest Staged by Homosexuals,” New York Times, 12 Nov. 1972, 48; Randy Wicker, “Police Target of Protesters on 2 Coasts,” Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 1, 14; “N.Y. Activists Protest Police Harassment,” GAY, 11 Dec. 1972, 20, 23; “Gay Activists Say Police Hamper Protest Plan,” New York Times, 28 Feb. 1973, 83; “Remember the Inner Circle: 300 Picket This Year,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 2; Leo Skir, “Return to the Inner Circle: A Year Later,” GAY, 9 Apr. 1973, 1, 12; “Police Ban on Pickets May Lead to Test Case,” The Advocate, 11 Apr. 1973, 2; Steven Weisman, “Homosexuals Get Police Promises,” New York Times, 10 Aug. 1973, 35; “Gotham Cops to be Nicer (!),” The Advocate, 12 Sep. 1973, 3; “Village Crackdown Whiplashes Gays,” The Advocate, 26 Sep. 1973, 3.

 

For related sources on Seattle, see “Police Beating of Gay Woman Triggers Protests in Seattle,” The Advocate, 6 June 1973, 10.

 

For related sources on Rochester, see “Gays Demonstrate, Rap in Rochester,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 17.

 

Documents 165 and 166: Anti-Discrimination Protests in New York City, 1970-71

 

The documents reprinted in The Stonewall Riots are “GAA Confronts Lindsay at Channel 5,” GAY, 11 May 1970, 3; Guy Charles, “Intro 475 Controversy: Won’t Be Sacrificial Lambs, Drags Vow,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 12.

For related sources in 1970, see “Gay Activists Sponsor Petition,” GAY, 15 Feb. 1970, 3, 20; Ron Hollander, “Gays Picket City Hall,” New York Post, 5 Mar. 1970, 26; “Will Mayor Lindsay Listen?” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 2; “Gay Activists Confront City Hall,” GAY, 29 Mar. 1970, 1; “Onward to City Hall,” Gay Power (1.12), c. Mar. 1970, 5; Sandra Vaughn, “Lindsay & Homosexuals: An Edited Encounter,” Village Voice, 23 Apr. 1970, 8; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.15), c. Apr. 1970, 4; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.16), c. Apr. 1970, 4; “GAA Confronts Lindsay at Museum,” GAY, 4 May 1970, 3; Arthur Irving, “Gay & Proud & Busted on 42^nd St.,” Gay Power (1.17), c. May 1970, 4, 19; “Councilman Backs Gay Fair Employment,” GAY¸ 22 June 1970, 12; “G.A.A. Zaps Lindsay,” GAY, 12 Oct. 1970, 1, 3; “Mayor Lindsay at the Opera,” Los Angeles Advocate, 12 Oct. 1970, 3; Randolfe Wicker, “The Wicker Basket,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970, 8; Charlotte Curtis, “Cultural Gala: Diamonds and Pickets,” New York Times, 30 Oct. 1970, 25; “Lindsay and Wife Zapped by Gay Activists,” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 1; “John Lindsay: Our Friend?” GAY, 23 Nov. 1970, 2.

 For related sources in 1971, see “N.Y. Councilmen Propose Gay Job Rights Law,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 1, 3; “‘Gay’ Law Urged,” New York Post, 9 Feb. 1971; Peter Fisher, “First New York Hearings on Discrimination Held,” GAY, 15 Feb. 1971, 16, 17; “City Councilmen Push Gay Protection Bill,” GAY, 15 Feb. 1971, 17; Breck Ardery, “Bills in N.Y. Legislature Boosts Gay Rights Drive,” The Advocate, 17 Mar. 1971, 1, 6; Breck Ardery, “Rights Bills Gaining in N.Y. Legislature,” The Advocate, 12 May 1971, 1, 18; “Councilman Greitzer Yields to Gay Activists,” GAY, 1 June 1970, 3, 12; Pete Fisher, “N.Y. Human Rights Commissioner Supports Law Reform,” GAY, 21 June 1971, 1, 13; Breck Ardery, “N.Y. Rights Legislative Push Fails,” The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 1, 6; Mark Downs, “New York Assembly Votes Down Rights Bill,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 1, 16; Peter Fisher, “Activists Arrested at City Hall,” GAY, 2 Aug. 1971, 1, 3, 11; Peter Hadley, “City Councilman Addresses a Candlelight Rally,” GAY, 2 Aug. 1971, 11, 18; “500 Homosexuals Stage a Protest,” New York Times, 3 Oct. 1971, 66; Richard C. Wandel, “9 GAA Demonstrators Acquitted,” GAY, 11 Oct. 1971, 6; Alfonso A. Narvaez, “City Acts to Let Homosexuals Meet and Work in Cabarets,” New York Times, 12 Oct. 1971, 35; “Two Zaps, Scandal Hints Get New York Hearing Date,” The Advocate, 27 Oct. 1971, 1, 22, 23; “Intro 475 Now!” Gay Activist, Oct. 1971, 1-2; “Letter to City Council,” Gay Activist, Oct. 1971, 3-4; Phil Katz, “A Natural Up,” Gay Activist, Oct. 1971, 5; “Is It A Crime?” Gay Activist, Oct. 1971, 6, 14; “Hearing Finally Held on N.Y. Rights Bill,” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 2; “6 from GAA Found Guilty of Trespass,” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 2; Edward Ranzal, “Homosexual Bill Argued in Council, New York Times, 16 Nov. 1971, 49; “Historic Hearings Held in N.Y.C.,” GAY, 22 Nov. 1971, 1, 8; “Intro 475 Hearing to Repeat,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 2; “Intro 475 Hearings Begin,” Gay Activist, Nov. 1971, 1, 8, 9, 11; David Jones, “A Day in Court—The Sharison Six,” Gay Activist, Nov. 1971, 3; Ted Rauch, “Transvestism and Gay Liberation,” Gay Activist, Nov. 1971, 5, 14; “Unruly Hearing Fails to Move Intro 475,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 3; “Intro 475 Cheap Rhetoric, HI Says; Offers Own Plan,” Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 16; “2 Solons Urge Lindsay Act to Help Gays,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 16; Phil Katz, “Intro 475: Round 2, Gay Activist, Dec. 1971, 4, 6, 18; “Transvestite Rebuffs ‘Straight’ Gays,” Gay Activist, Dec. 1971, 11, 19; “A Time and a Place,” Mattachine Times, Dec. 1971, 1.

For related sources in 1972, see “Albany Confab Gives Anti-Bias Law Priority,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 27; Guy Charles, “N.Y. Hearing Fuss Perils Rights Bill,” The Advocate, 19 Jan. 1972, 1, 8; Leo Skir, “The Hearings on Intro 475: Part III,” GAY, 24 Jan. 1972, 1, 4; Martin Tolchin, “Thousands of City Employees Attend Lindsay Benefit, New York Times, 26 Jan. 1972, 18; “Intro 475 May Dog Lindsay Campaign,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 1, 8; “On Blowing One’s Cool,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 24; “Lindsay Speech Disrupted by Activists,” GAY, 7 or 21 Feb. 1972, 1, 18; “City Council Kills Gay Rights Bill,” GAY, 21 Feb. 1972, 1, 18; “Intro 475 Defeated: GAA Calls for ‘Total War’ against Lindsay,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 10; Guy Charles, “3 Lindsay Zaps Bring 15 Arrests,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 11; “Intro 475—Round 3: Is It Up to Lindsay?” Gay Activist, Feb. 1972, 3, 8; “Mayor Lindsay’s Executive Directive Confirms Stand on Non-Discrimination,” Mattachine Times, Feb. 1972, 23; “Lindsay Issues Anti-Bias Order,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 1, 9; Guy Charles, “Not His Fault, Lindsay Tells Advocate,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 1, 9; “Gay Rights Laws Sought from Council of Cities,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 7; John P. LeRoy, “Lindsay Issues Job Directive for City Gays,” GAY, 6 Mar. 1972, 4; “Protestors Face Trials for Lindsay Zaps,” GAY, 6 Mar. 1972, 16; Guy Charles, “Intro 475 On Again,” The Advocate, 29 Mar. 1972, 1, 30; Ernest Peter Cohen, “475: A Gay Odyssey,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 3, 8, 10, 21-22; Vicki Richman, “Then There Was Lindsay 8’s Day in Court,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 6; “Lindsay Reintroduces Intro 475 after Prodding by Congressman and GAA,” GAY, 1 May 1972, 1, 16; “District Attorney’s Belated Arrest Stirs Anger in N.Y. Gay Circles,” GAY, 10 July 1972, 1, 10; “Intro 475 Defeated Again,” GAY, 21 Aug. 1972, 3.

For related sources in 1973, see Edward Ranzal, “Gay Alliance Seeks to Revive Rights Bill in Council,” New York Times, 15 Jan. 1973, 26; “N.Y. GAA Steps up Efforts for Intro 475,” The Advocate, 17 Jan. 1973, 2, 18; “Reluctant N.Y, Council again Target,” The Advocate, 17 Jan. 1973, 18; Edward Ranzal, “Bar Groups Back Homosexual Bill,” New York Times, 1 Feb. 1973, 62; “Council Body to Vote Today, Third Time, on Homosexual Bill,” New York Times, 27 Apr. 1973, 44; Robert R. McFadden, “Council Member Gets a Death Threat,” New York Times, 29 Apr. 1973, 49; Edward Ranzal, “10 Gay Activists Are Seized in City Hall,” New York Times, 1 May 1973, 53; Randy Wicker, “Intro 475 Defeated in Third Vote,” The Advocate, 23 May 1973, 1, 22; Leo Skir, “Intro 475: We Swung and Missed,” GAY, 4 June 1973, 1, 9; “Intro 475: The Word for N.Y. Gays Is ‘Angry,’” The Advocate, 6 June 1973, 2.

 

Document 167: Anti-Discrimination Law Reform in San Francisco, 1972

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “S.F. Hiring Law Goes into Effect,” The Advocate, 24 May 1972, 3, 17.

For related sources, see Gale Whittington, “Homosexual Civil War,” San Francisco Free Press, 16 Oct. 1969, 1, 5; Tom Stockman, “Human Rights,” Vector, Apr. 1970, 6-8, 36; Larry Littlejohn, “Because It Is Right and Just,” Vector, Apr. 1970, 36; Maitland Zane, “Anti-Sex Bias Law Is Urged,” San Francisco Chronicle, 20 Aug. 1971, 2; “The Anti-Bias Sex Law,” San Francisco Chronicle, 23 Aug. 1971, 36; “Gay, Straight Leaders Push S.F. Hiring Law,” The Advocate, 15 Sep. 1971, 14; “S.F. Job Law Prospects Brighten,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 8; “Sex Equality Law Approved,” San Francisco Chronicle, 4 Apr. 1972, 5; Don Jackson, “First in Nation: Rights Law in San Francisco,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 1, 17; “Word ‘Adult’ Added to S.F. Bias Ban,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 4; “City Civil Service Formalizes Gay Rights,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 10.

 

For related sources on Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, see Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1970, 2, 7; Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 10 Aug. 1970, 4; Philadelphia Daily News, 10 Aug. 1970, 12; “Homosexuals Seek ‘Complete Equality,’” Philadelphia Inquirer, 11 Aug. 1970, 24; “Penna. Politicals Hear Gay Spokesman,” GAY, 7 Sep. 1970, 12; Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 18 Sep. 1970, 11; Philadelphia Daily News, 18 Sep. 1970, 40; “New Pennsylvania Lobbyist Seeking Homosexual Rights,” New York Times, 20 Sep. 1970, 56; Homophile Action League Newsletter, 25 Sep. 1970, 2; GAY, 26 Oct. 1970, 3; “HAL Makes a Plea,” Drummer, 21 Oct. 1971, 14; “Loud or Noisy, It’ll Be A Gay Halloween,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 28 Oct. 1971, 43; “Homosexual Groups Picket 2 Candidates,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 31 Oct. 1971, 9; Greg Lee, “This, That, and Other Things,” Drummer, 18 May 1972, 4; “Local News,” Gay Alternative, June 1972, 1; George Bodamer, “Bellis Kills Gay Rights Amendment,” Gay Alternative, July 1972, 3-4; Philadelphia Magazine, Jan. 1973, 90, 92.

 

For related sources on East Lansing and Ann Arbor, Michigan, see “Oops, E. Lansing First with Hiring Law,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 1, 4; “Midwest City Votes Job Equality for Gays,” GAY, 1 May 1972, 1; “Ann Arbor Passes Broadest Law Yet for Gay Rights,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 1, 16; “Gay Rights Law May Be Upcoming in Michigan City,” The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 1, 9; “East Lansing Okays Ban on Gay Bias,” The Advocate, 20 Dec 1972, 1; “E. Lansing Finally Gets Bias Ban,” The Advocate, 4 July 1973, 17.

 

For related documents on Illinois, “Gay Lib Fights Job Bias,” Chicago Defender, 28 Oct. 1971, 14; “Extension of Illinois Job Law Sought,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 14; “Chicago Anti-Bias Law,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Dec. 1971, 1-3; “Chicago Rights Law Backers Hopeful,” The Advocate, 29 Aug. 1973, 7; “Council to Consider Gay Bills,” Chicago Defender, 9 Oct. 1973, 11; Joseph Longmeyer, “Gays Push for Rights Here,” Chicago Defender, 10 Oct. 1973, 3; “Gays Heard by Council,” Chicago Defender, 11 Oct. 1973, 2; William B. Kelley, “Chicago Aldermen Take Up 2 Bills Which Would Aid Gays,” The Advocate, 7 Nov. 1973, 4, 20.

 

For related sources on Washington, D.C., see “D.C. School Board Bans Gay Bias,” The Advocate, 21 June 1972, 3, 11; Perrin Shaffer, “Gay Teachers OK’d by Washington D.C. School Board,” GAY, 26 June 1972, 1, 17; David L. Aiken, “D.C. Rights Law Gets Preliminary Nod,” The Advocate, 29 Aug. 1973, 5; “Gays Beat Effort to Castrate D.C. Discrimination Ban,” Advocate, 7 Nov. 1973, 3; “D.C. Rights Bill Signed into Law,” The Advocate, 19 Dec. 1973, 1, 17.

 

For related sources on Texas, see “Austin Rights Law Drive Stalled,” The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 20; Wayde Frey, “Houston Council Confronted,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 13.

 

For related sources on Boston, see Jonathan Fuerbringer, “Homosexuals Testify on Antibias Bills,” Boston Globe, 2 Feb. 1973, 3; Rachelle Patterson, “Senate Kills Bill Barring Bias against Homosexuals,” Boston Globe, 8 May 1973, 3; Paul F. Kneeland, “Gay Groups Plan Day at State House,” Boston Globe, 11 May 1973, 53; “‘Gay Americans Day’ Brings Libbers to Lobby,” Boston Globe, 27 Sep. 1973, 7; “Frank Asks Homosexual Law Reform,” Boston Globe, 1 Oct. 1973, 21; Charley Lerrigo, “Proper Bostonians Troop through Capitol,” The Advocate, 24 Oct. 1973, 2, 15.

 

For related sources on Seattle, see “New Seattle Law Protects Gay Jobs,” The Advocate, 10 Oct. 1973, 1, 17; “Seattle Rights Law,” The Advocate, 24 Oct. 1973, 2, 14.

 

For related sources on Berkeley, see “Berkeley Votes Gay Job Rights,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 15.

 

Document 168: Marriage Reform in Minnesota, 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Rob Cole, “Two Men Ask Minnesota License for First Legal U.S. Gay Marriage,” Los Angeles Advocate, 10 June 1970, 1, 4.

For related sources, see Ed Jackson, “Can Gays Marry? Answer Still Awaits Test by Some Bold Couple,” Los Angeles Advocate, 13 May 1970, 20; “Two Men Apply for Marriage License,” GAY, 16 June 1970, 12; “Minnesota Gays to Challenge Refusal of Marriage License,” Los Angeles Advocate, 24 June 1970, 1, 2; Lors Bjornson, “Judge Nixes Marriage Bid,” Los Angeles Advocate, 9 Dec. 1970, 1, 4; “Rehearing on Marriage,” The Advocate, 6 Jan. 1971, 6; Jack Star, “The Homosexual Couple,” Look, 26 Jan. 1971, 69-71; “Minnesota Court Again Denies License,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 3; “Minnesota Lovers Take Marriage Fight to State’s Top Court,” The Advocate, 3 Mar. 1971, 1; “Marriage Ban Dead in Minn. Senate,” The Advocate, 23 June 1971, 10; “Adopting a Lover,” TIME, 6 Sep. 1971, 50; Erik Larsson, “Minnesota Student President Adopted By His Lover,” GAY, 27 Sep. 1971, 10; Lars Bjornson, “Adoption Ploy Gets Mr. to Mr. License,” The Advocate, 29 Sep. 1971, 1, 3; Erik Larsson, “Baker-McConnell Wed,” GAY, 11 Oct. 1971, 3; “Bishop Reprimands Cleric; Protests Save His Job,” The Advocate, 13 Oct. 1971, 32; Lars Bjornsen, “License Fight Reaches Minnesota High Court,” The Advocate, 13 Oct. 1971, 3, 32; Lars Bjornsen, “Jack, Mike Lose on Job, Marriage,” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 1, 8, 30; “250 Hear Jack, Mike in Albany,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 27; “Lars Bjornsen, “Marriage Case Goes to Top Court,” The Advocate, 15 Mar. 1972, 19; “ACLU Takes Marriage Case to Supreme Court,” GAY, 20 Mar. 1972, 12; “‘Playing to Cameras’ Education,” Baker Says,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 10; “Marriage Suit Shunned by Tribunal,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 3, 7; “Supreme Court Refuses Marriage Appeal,” GAY, 13 Nov. 1972, 10.

 

Document 169: Marriage Reform in Los Angeles, 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Two L.A. Girls Attempt First Legal Marriage,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 1, 5.

For a related source on California, see “Perry Planning Test Marriage,” Los Angeles Advocate, 24 June 1970, 2; Michael Grieg, “Gay Married Life,” San Francisco Chronicle, 15 July 1970, 1, 30; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.20), c. July 1970, 4; Rob Cole, “Gay Marriage ‘Boom’: Suddenly, It’s News,” Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 6, 7; “S.F. Chronicle Backs Gay Marriages,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 17; “Gay Pair Relaxed about Role in Law Test,” The Advocate, 9 Dec. 1970, 6; Ron Moskowitz, “Two Men Take Vows: A Covenant of Friendship,” San Francisco Chronicle, 22 Mar. 1971, 3; Duffy Jennings, “A Glittering Gay Wedding: ‘To Me She Is A Girl,’” San Francisco Chronicle, 17 Aug. 1971, 3; “Cutting the Cake,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 3; “‘We’re in Love…Regardless of Sex,’” Los Angeles Sentinel, 11 Jan. 1973, A3; Evangelist C. A. Ballus, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Sentinel, 1 Feb. 1973, A6; An Avid Sentinel Reader, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Sentinel, 8 Feb. 1973, A6.

 

Document 170: Marriage Protests in New York City, 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Pete Fisher, “Gay Couples Celebrate Engagement at Marriage License Bureau,” GAY, 5 July 1971, 1, 14.

For related sources on New York, see Barbara Trecker, “2 Women Are Joined in ‘Holy Union’ at Church,” New York Post, 19 Apr. 1971, 3, 47; Barbara Trecker, “City Down on the Gay ‘Weddings,’” New York Post, 22 Apr. 1971; “‘I Do’ Rites Stir Hassle in New York,” The Advocate, 12 May 1971, 2; “New York Pastor Joins Two Women in ‘Holy Union,’” Jet, 13 May 1971, 17; “N.Y.C. Clerk Pussyfoots on Legal Threat,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 3; “Father Clement Scheduled to Wed His Longtime Mate,” The Advocate, 4 Aug. 1971, 4.

 

For related sources on Kentucky, see “Marriage of True Minds,” New York Post, 8 July 1970; “Women to Fight for Kentucky License,” Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 6; “Kentucky Lesbians Apply for Marriage License,” GAY, 10 Aug. 1970, 3, 12; “Louisville GLF Pickets Bar, Backs Suit,” Los Angeles Advocate, 19 Aug. 1970, 2; “2 Women Ask Court to Allow Them to Wed,” Los Angeles Times, 12 Nov. 1970, A27; “Lesbians Want to Wed,” San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Nov. 1970, 41; “Women Await Ruling on Wedding,” Los Angeles Advocate, 9 Dec. 1970, 4; “Marriage Bid Rejected; Pair Appeal,” The Advocate, 14 Apr. 1971, 4; “Marriage Bid Loses Again in Kentucky,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 5.

 

For related sources on Illinois, see “Unusual Union,” Chicago Defender, 30 Sep. 1970, 3; “Two Females ‘Married’ in Chicago—To Each Other,” Jet, 15 Oct. 1970, 54.

 

For related sources on Wisconsin, see “Women Ask License,” The Advocate, 27 Oct. 1971, 30; “Two Milwaukee Women Fight for Marriage License,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 5; “Marriage Fight Due: Wisconsin Black Women Slate Christmas Wedding,” Mother, Dec. 1971, 1; “Women Want to Wed,” Jet, 28 Oct. 1971, 7; James M. Stephens Jr., “Two Women Plan To Be Married; File Suit; Make It Federal Case,” Jet, 4 Nov. 1971, 20-25; “Marriage License Lawsuit Stalled: Black Lesbians’ Wedding Crowded,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 5.

 

For related sources on Boston, see Kay Longcope, “Minister Marries Gays over Bishop’s Objection,” Boston Globe, 8 April 1973, 5; Kay Langcope, “The ‘Gay’ Issue and the Churches,” Boston Globe, 13 Apr. 1973, 33; Lucinda Smith, “Pastor Who Wed 2 Males Loses Pulpit,” Boston Globe, 4 May 1973, 1, 10; Kay Longcope, “Bishop ‘Doubts’ He Will Reappoint Rev. Alberts,” Boston Globe, 5 May 1973, 3; Kay Longcope, “Alberts Reappointment ‘Still Under Consideration,’” Boston Globe, 8 May 1973, 3; “Minister Defies Bishop, Marries Men in Historic Church,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 3, 23; “Church Group Delays Action in Alberts Case,” Boston Globe, 10 May 1973, 62; Kay Longcope, “Rev. Alberts Wants His ‘Sickness’ Told,” Boston Globe, 12 May 1973, 27; Kay Longcope, “Conference Urges Year’s Leave for Pastor Who Wed 2 Males,” Boston Globe, 18 May 1973, 11; Rev. William Alberts, “‘Whom God Has Joined Together’: A Minister Discusses the Controversial Wedding Ceremony He Performed for Two Male Homosexuals,” Boston Globe, 3 June 1973, C16-?; “Boston Minister Who Married Men May Lose Job,” The Advocate, 6 June 1973, 8; Kay Longcope, “Methodist Church Conference Votes to Retire Boston Minister Who Married Two Homosexuals,” Boston Globe, 9 June 1973, 20; Kay Longcope, “Alberts Threatens to Quit Ministry,” Boston Globe, 10 June 1973, 16; Kay Longcope, “N.E. Methodists Refuse Trial for Ousted Minister,” Boston Globe, 11 June 1973, 3; “Ax Falls on Socially Conscious Boston Minister,” The Advocate, 18 July 1973, 17; “Ousted Boston Pastor May Sue,” The Advocate, 15 Aug. 1973, 3; “Bankruptcy for Cleric Fired in Gay Wedding,” The Advocate, 26 Sep. 1973, 8.

 

For related sources on military women, see “Women Soldiers Marry: Get Honorable Discharges,” Jet, 15 Mar. 1973, 30-31; “WACs Getting Army Boot after Wedding,” The Advocate, 14 Mar. 1973, 18; “Few Homosexuals in WAC, Army Official Tells JET,” Jet, 22 Mar. 1973, 9.

 

For other coverage of same-sex marriage activism, see Ed Jackson, “Nixon Nixes Same-Sex Marriages,” Los Angeles Advocate, 2 Sep. 1970, 1, 22; “Judge Blocks 2 Marriages,” The Advocate, 6 Jan. 1971, 6; Barbara Trecker, “Gays Figure Taxes Are Worth Sharing,” New York Post, 16 Apr. 1971; “Welfare Thinks They’re Couple, But License Bureau Won’t Agree,” The Advocate, 29 Sep. 1971, 4; “‘Non-Believers’ Seek License to Wed,” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 12; Rob Cole, “‘Marriage Is An Evil That Most Men Welcome,’” The Advocate, 29 Mar. 1972, 1; “It’s Official: Can’t Marry in Maryland,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 2; “Legal Gay Marriage in Texas?” The Advocate, 25 Oct. 1972, 3; Rob Shivers, “Texas Gay Marriage Apparently Within Law,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 7; Rob Shivers, “More Gays Seek Marriage Licenses,” The Advocate, 20 Dec. 1972, 16; George Mendenhall, “Love Conquers All,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 1, 7; Cade Ware, “Maryland Votes ‘No’ on Same Sex Marriages,” GAY, 21 May 1973, 1, 10.

 

Document 171: Federal Employment Discrimination Protest in San Francisco, 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Federal Building ‘Work-In’ Protests U.S. Hiring Policy,” The Advocate, 7 July 1971, 4.

For related sources, see “Homosexuals Plan ‘Work-in’ for U.S. Jobs,” San Francisco Examiner, 6 June 1971, 20; “Homosexual Protest on Job Policy,” San Francisco Chronicle, 8 June 1971, 17; “Work-In Bust,” Berkeley Barb, 11 June 1971, 2.

 

For related sources on protests against liquor licensing authorities, see “Wake Up!” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1969, 24; “Gay Leaders Defend License of L.A. Bar,” Advocate, 6 Jan. 1971, 3; “Farm to Appeal on Renewal of Dance License,” The Advocate, 3 Feb. 1971, 5; “Gay Bar Ban Repeal Sought,” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 2.

 

For related sources on protests against incorporation authorities, see “Walter H. Waggoner, “Fight Is Pressed by Homosexuals,” New York Times, 25 Feb. 1971, 32; “GAA Suiting to Reverse Incorporation Turndown,” The Advocate, 31 Mar. 1971, 5; “GAA Sues to Incorporate,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1971, 5; “Court Rules Gay Activists Can’t Form a Corporation,” New York Post, 21 May 1971, 24; “G.A.A. Denied Incorporation,” Mattachine Times, June 1971, 11; “GAA Appeals Turn-Down,” The Advocate, 7 July 1971, 10; “Gay Activists Win Appeal on Incorporation in State,” New York Times, 4 Mar. 1972, 28; “GAA-N.Y. Wins Court Battle for Incorporation,” GAY, 3 Apr. 1972, 6; “Incorporated? GAA Wins Suit to Incorporate,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1972, 3; Phil Katz, “The Fight to Incorporate: A Talk with GAA’s Lawyer,” Gay Activist, Apr. 1972, 4, 8; “N.Y., Michigan Groups Fight for Incorporation,” The Advocate, 27 Sep. 1972, 14; “Tax Exempt Status Denied Buffalo Group,” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 17; “GAA Wins Incorporation Appeal,” The Advocate, 14 Feb. 1973, 19; “Gay Legal Defense Fund Incorporated in N.Y. State,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 16.

 

For related sources on protests against school authorities, see Pete Fisher, “‘Gay School Teachers Are Not Child Molesters!” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 1, 3; Arthur Bell, “The ‘Bedroom Busybodies’ Meet Alias Richie X,” Village Voice, 22 Apr. 1971, 36, 38; John Francis Hunter, “Gays Busted at N.Y. School Board Sit-In,” The Advocate, 12 May 1971, 3, 14; Richard C. Wandel, “5 Arrested in Gay Teacher Dispute,” GAY, 24 May 1971, 1; “Five Arrested in GAA Zap,” Gay Activist, May 1971, 1, 14; “Charges Dropped Against Board of Ed. Sit-Ins,” GAY, 21 June 1971, 13; “Teaching Ticket Held off for Penn State Gay Grad,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 14; “Parent Defends Gay Son’s Right to Teach,” GAY, 4 Sep. 1972, 1; “Gay Wins Credential to Teach,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 1, 18; “Joe’s War Starts Over,” The Advocate, 25 Oct. 1972, 2; “Acanfora Files Suit over Job,” The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 2; “Acanforas on TV,” The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 13, 40; Leon Friedman, “Out of the Closets, Into the Classrooms,” New York Times, 26 Nov. 1972, E5; Richard A. Rusinow, “Teacher Seeks Maryland Accreditation,” GAY, 29 Jan. 1973, 1, 5; “Progress for Acanfora,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 13; “Homo Teacher Suit Over?” Chicago Defender, 16 Apr. 1973, 11; “Gay Teacher Called Good for Students,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 5; David L. Aiken, “Acanfora Loses; Judge Says He Talked Too Much,” The Advocate, 4 July 1973, 5; Lex, “The Battle of Acanfora,” The Advocate, 5 Dec. 1973, 29; “U. of Oregon Job Policy Facing Legal Challenge,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 16.

 

For related sources on protests against the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Post Office, and other federal agencies, see “Gay Camp In,” Los Angeles Free Press, 24 Apr. 1970, 28; “Gay Lib Camp-In,” Berkeley Barb, 5 June 1970, 7; “Come Out,” Berkeley Tribe, 19 June 1970, 27; “Gay Lib ‘Camp-In’ Permit Is Revoked,” San Francisco Chronicle, 27 June 1970, 3; “Gays’ Camp Banned,” Berkeley Barb, 3 July 1970, 7; “Gays Camp On,” Berkeley Barb, 26 Aug. 1970, 9; “Ho Ho Homosexual,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1970, 3; “Homosexual Wins Case against Chicago Post Office,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, July 1971, 6; “Gay Granted Reinstatement to Postal Job,” The Advocate, 4 Aug. 1971, 9; “Gay Clerk Wins,” The Advocate, 15 Sep. 1971, 19; “Agencies at Odds over Fired Clerk,” The Advocate, 8 Dec. 1971, 4; “Gay Postman Back on Job,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 2; “Postal Service Dumps CSC’s Anti-gay Policy,” The Advocate, 20 Dec. 1972, 24.

 

For related sources on protests against the New York City Taxi Commission, see Randy Wicker, “N.Y. Zap Ends Mental Exams for Gay Cabbies,” The Advocate, 25 Oct. 1972, 1, 16; Vicki Richman, “Activists Zap Taxi Commissioner,” GAY, 30 Oct. 1972, 7, 10; Randy Wicker, “Psychiatric Exam Dropped for Taxi Driver,” GAY, 9 Apr. 1973, 18.

 

Document 172: Rockefeller Demonstration in New York, August 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Cary Yurman, “GAA Protests Rocky’s Silence,” GAY, 24 Aug. 1970, 3, 12.

For sources related to New York protests against city and state political candidates in 1969 and 1970, see “Lindsay, Procaccino and Marchi Face Same Audience and Change the Mind of No One,” New York Times, 3 Oct. 1969, 30; Ralph Hall, “GLF News,” Gay Power (1.4), c. Oct. 1969, 9; “Procaccino: Jail or Asylum,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 4-5; Gay Commandoes, “The October Rebellion,” Come Out!, 14 Nov. 1969, 5; Leo Louis Martello, “Gay Liberators Confront N.Y. Mayoralty Candidates,” Los Angeles Advocate, Dec. 1969, 3, 12; Dick Leitsch, “The Gay Vote,” GAY, 15 Dec. 1969, 9; Arthur Irving, “Gay Activists Alliance News,” Gay Power (1.10), c. Feb. 1970, 22; Kay Tobin, “Gay Activists Confront Politicos,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1970, 1; Ron Hollander, “Gays Picket City Hall,” New York Post, 5 Mar. 1970, 26; Leo Louis Martello, “New York GAA Faces Candidates for Governor,” Los Angeles Advocate, Apr. 1970, 6; Arthur Irving, “Zapping with Carol: Hello Bella,” Gay Power (1.18), c. May 1970, 4; Kay Tobin, “GAA Confronts Goldberg, Blumenthal,” GAY, 29 June 1970, 12; Kay Tobin, “GAA Tackles Five More Candidates,” GAY, 6 July 1970, 3, 12; “5 Gay Activists Arrested in Sit-In,” GAY, 13 July 1970, 3, 12; Cary Yurman, “GAA Plans Rockefeller Rally,” GAY, 3 Aug. 1970, 3; Leo Louis Martello, “N.Y. Primary A Victory for Gays,” Los Angeles Advocate, 5 Aug. 1970, 2; “Rockefeller 5 to Stand Trial,” GAY, 28 Sep. 1970, 12; “The Rockefeller Five and Gay Protest,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, Sep. 1970, 3-4; “Rockefeller 5 Trial Postponed,” GAY, 26 Oct. 1970, 3; “3 Candidates Support Rights of Homosexuals,” New York Times, 27 Oct. 1970, 36; “GOP Drops Case against Alliance,” The Advocate, 31 Mar. 1971, 3.

 

Document 173: Muskie Demonstration in New York, 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “McCarthy, Kennedy Support Gay Rights; Muskie Renegs,” Gay Activist, Dec. 1971, 6.

For related sources, see Guy Charles, “N.Y. Police Rough Up Muskie Rally Pickets,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 3; Robert Raffone, “Activist Beaten at Muskie Dinner,” GAY, 7 Feb. 1972, 1; “Gay Clubbed at Muskie Rally,” Gay Activist, Feb. 1972, 5; “30 GAA Pickets Hit Muskie Silence,” The Advocate, 29 Mar. 1972, 3.

 

Document 174: National Gay Rights Platform, 1972

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Guy Charles, “A New National Gay Rights Platform,” The Advocate, 15 Mar. 1972, 1, 34.

For related sources, see “A New Gay Rights Platform,” Mattachine Times, Feb. 1972, 1, 9; Morty Manford, “Gay America Plans for ’72 Election,” GAY, 6 Mar. 1972, 1, 16; “Political Huddle Set for Washington,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 3; Perrin Shaffer, “Groups Plan Convention Strategy,” GAY, 12 June 1972, 3; “Gays Confront Dems,” Fag Rag, Summer 1972, 5.

 

Document 175: Democratic Party National Convention in Miami, 1972

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Democratic Convention Airs Gay Lib Proposals,” GAY, 7 Aug. 1972, 1, 10.

For related sources, see Guy Charles, “Miami Gays Preparing for Convention Influx,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 12; “Peace, Miami Cops Tell Gays,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 12; “Caravan to Miami Proposed,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 8; Steven R. Weisman, “5 Gay Candidates Are in State Contests,” New York Times, 16 June 1972, 24; “Bus Caravan Organized to Demo Convention,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 20, 33; “Lots of Problems Face Miami Planners,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 20, 31; “Drag Arrests in Miami ‘Set Up,’ Says Gay Leader,” The Advocate, 5 July 1972, 33; Guy Charles, “Democratic Convention Debate Due,” The Advocate, 19 July 1972, 1, 31; “‘Gay Rage’ Call Slated if Demos Reject Plank,” The Advocate, 26 July 1972, 31; “We Were There!” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 1, 2; David L. Aiken, “Bus Caravan Fails, but Gays Turn Heads in Miami, Anyway,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 2; “By God, Gay Is Good,” Mattachine Times, July 1972, 9; “Fast Fells Gay Demonstrator,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3; “Miami Confab Agrees Strong NCGO Needed,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 10; “Who Was Watching?” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 2; Barbara Love, “Sisters and Brothers: One Mind, One Heart,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 2; Dan Allen, “Miami Beach Diary,” Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 4, 5, 16; “Queens Cry Gay Sellout,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 2.

For related sources on the Republican Party Convention, see Randy Wicker, “GOP Platform Body Allots Time to Hear Gay Plea: 15 Minutes,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 3; “GOP Platform Panel: In One Ear…,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 3; Guy Charles, “At Least 20 Gays Arrested in Protests at GOP Conclave,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 3; Dan Allen, “Miami Beach Diary,” The Advocate, 27 Sep. 1972, 11; Morty Manford, “Republicans Avoid Gay Issue: Ridicule Democrats for Involvement,” GAY, 2 Oct. 1972, 3, 10, 18; Dan Allen, “Miami Beach Diary,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 16, 17; “Miami Convention,” Fag Rag, Jan. 1973, 15; Craig Rodwell, “Four More Years,” Queens Quarterly, Mar. 1973, 5, 39, 40.

 

Document 176: McGovern Demonstration in New York, August 1972

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is John LeRoy, “Activists Invade McGovern Hqtrs.,” GAY, 18 Sep. 1972, 1, 13.

For related sources, see Frederic Morton, “With George McGovern on the Morning After,” Village Voice, 29 June 1972, 1, 24; Angela Keyes Douglas, “Gay Rage Directed at McGovern,” Los Angeles Free Press, 21 July 1972, 13; “We Send Telegrams and Letters,” Mattachine Times, July 1972, 11; Guy Charles, “M’Govern Gays Badly Shaken Up,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3; “Protest Sent to McGovern,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3; “Angry Gay Leaders Lie Down in McGovern Hotel Entrance,” The Advocate, 2 Aug. 1972, 3, 10; Rob Cole, “He Loves Us Not…,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 1, 13; “GAA/NY Holds Fire, Challenges McGovern,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 2; Sasha Gregory, “Keep Pressure on McGovern, Foster Urges,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 2; “Gay Activists in Protest Occupy McGovern Office,” New York Times, 22 Aug. 1972, 37; “McGovern Offices Held in Protest by Gay Unit,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 22 Aug. 1972Arthur Bell, “Still a Political Embarrassment,” Village Voice, 24 Aug. 1972, 26; Guy Charles and Rob Cole, “Whither McGovern?” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 1, 15; “Activists Suspend McGovern Support,” GAY, 4 Sep. 1972, 3; “GAA Occupies N.Y. McGovern Office for 5 Hours,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 2; Arthur Evans, “McGovern or Not: Is That Really the Question?” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 29; Bet Elliot, “The Miami Sell-Out,” Lesbian Tide, Sep. 1972, 5; “Gays Arrested at McGovern HQ,” Mattachine Times, Sep. 1972, 8-9; ; “Philly Gays Fail in Effort to See McG.,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 20;  “Agnew, McGovern Hit in Minneapolis,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 20; “Trial of GAA Protesters Stalled,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 20; Bruce Voeller, “Top McGovern Aide Affirms Gay Rights Stand,” GAY, 16 Oct. 1972, 1, 6; “And Now A Word from Sargent Shriver,” The Advocate, 25 Oct. 1972, 1; Rob Cole, “McGovern Denial,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 1, 10; “Court Dismisses Six from McGovern Sit-In,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 4; “McGovern Denies Gay Rights Statement,” Lesbian Tide, Nov. 1972, 6.

 

Document 177: Nixon Demonstration in Philadelphia, November 1972

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Target Was Nixon: He’s Angry,” The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 1.

For a related source, see Richard Rusinow, “Philadelphia GAA Zaps Nixon Office,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 3; “Nixon Zap ‘Inside Job,’” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 2.

For sources related to protests against Vice President Spiro Agnew, see “GLF Helps Protest Spiro,” The Advocate, 28 Oct. 1970, 2; “Agnew, McGovern Hit in Minneapolis,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 20.

For sources related to protests against presidential candidate John Lindsay in 1972, see Martin Tolchin, “Thousands of City Employes Attend Lindsay Benefit,” New York Times, 26 Jan. 1972, 18; “Intro 475 May Dog Lindsay Campaign,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 1, 8; “On Blowing One’s Cool,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 24; “Lindsay Speech Disrupted by Activists,” GAY, 7 or 21 Feb. 1972, 1, 18; “Intro 475 Defeated: GAA Calls for ‘Total War’ against Lindsay,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 10; Guy Charles, “3 Lindsay Zaps Bring 15 Arrests,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 1, 11; “Intro 475—Round 3: Is It Up to Lindsay?” Gay Activist, Feb. 1972, 3, 8; “Mayor Lindsay’s Executive Directive Confirms Stand on Non-Discrimination,” Mattachine Times, Feb. 1972, 23; “Lindsay Issues Anti-Bias Order,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 1, 9; Guy Charles, “Not His Fault, Lindsay Tells Advocate,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 1, 9; John P. LeRoy, “Lindsay Issues Job Directive for City Gays,” GAY, 6 Mar. 1972, 4; “Protestors Face Trials for Lindsay Zaps,” GAY, 6 Mar. 1972, 16; “Lindsay Gives Strong Pledges,” The Advocate, 29 Mar. 1972, 2, 12; Arthur Bell, “Gays in Chains,” Gay Activist, Mar. 1972, 5, 7-8; “Mayor Lindsay Speaks to the Gay Community,” GAY, 3 Apr. 1972, 1; Vicki Richman, “Then There Was Lindsay 8’s Day in Court,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 6; “Lindsay Eight Win Acquittal,” Mattachine Times, Apr. 1972, 14; “Lindsay Reintroduces Intro 475 after Prodding by Congressman and GAA,” GAY, 1 May 1972, 1, 16; “District Attorney’s Belated Arrest Stirs Anger in N.Y. Gay Circles,” GAY, 10 July 1972, 1, 10; “Intro 475 Defeated Again,” GAY, 21 Aug. 1972, 3.

For a source related to protests against Hubert Humphrey, see Greg Lee, “A Gay Evaluation,” Drummer, 20 Apr. 1972, 1, 6.

For sources related to Philadelphia protests against city and state candidates, see “Homosexual Groups Picket 2 Candidates,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 31 Oct. 1971, 9; Getting It Together, 8 Nov. 1971, 5; Greg Lee, “Gay Power Comes Out In Phila,” Drummer, 9 Mar. 1972, 5; “Philadelphia Gays Picket GOP Dinner,” The Advocate, 12 Apr. 1972, 19.

For sources related to Chicago protests against city and state candidates, see “Candidate Zap Gets Four Beaten, Arrested,” The Advocate, 22 Dec. 1971, 9; “Being Gay Is A Bust,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Dec. 1971, 7; “Gays Freed after Arrest at Rally,” The Advocate, 16 Feb. 1972, 28; Larry Gulian and Alan Hockemeyer, “We’re Not Good Enough: Gays Shut Out, Picket Ward Fair,” Chicago Gay Crusader, June 1973, 8.

 

Document 178: American Psychiatric Association Convention Protest in San Francisco, May 1970

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “GLF and Women’s Lib Zap Shrinks,” GAY, 8 June 1970, 3, 12.

For related sources, see Stuart Auerbach, “Gays and Dolls Battle the Shrinks,” Washington Post, 15 May 1970, 1, 8; “Angry Women and Gay Men Attack Psychiatrists,” San Francisco Chronicle, 15 May 1970, 10; “Homosexuals Disrupt Psychiatrists’ Parley,” New York Times, 15 May 1970, 38; “Women Shout Down Gay Liberationists,” Boston Globe, 15 May 1970, 2; Gary Alinder, “Shrunken Shrinks,” Berkeley Tribe, 22 May 1970, 6-7; David Perlman, “The Psychiatrists & the Protesters,” San Francisco Chronicle, 24 May 1970, This World Section, 18; “Gays ‘Liberate’ Psychologists’ Homosexual Talk,” Los Angeles Advocate, 27 May 1970, 7, 17; Ada Bello, “A.P.A. Zap,” Homophile Action League Newsletter, May 1970, 2-3; “A Much Needed Zap,” GAY, 1 June 1970, 2; “Gay Power News: West Coast,” Gay Power (1.19), c. June 1970, 6; “Shocking ‘Cure’ for Homosexuality,” Daughters of Bilitis New York Newsletter, June 1970, 4; Gary Alinder, “Gay Liberation Meets the Shrinks,” Come Out!, June 1970, 23; “Socarides Warns of Homosexual Epidemic,” Los Angeles Advocate, 8 July 1970, 3; Gary Alinder, “Off Dr. Bieber!!” Los Angeles Free Press, 14 Aug. 1970, 61; Step May, “Offing the Shrinks,” Come Out!, Sep. 1970, 9; “Psychologists Get Gay Lib ‘Therapy,’” Los Angeles Advocate, 11 Nov. 1970, 1, 8; Ron Moskowitz, “Advice for Teachers: The Homosexual Pupil,” San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Nov. 1970, 6; Don Jackson, “Dachau in America,” Gay Sunshine, Nov. 1970, 20; Tony DeRosa, “Los Angeles Gays Invade Psychologists Conference: ‘Guinea Pigs’ Rise Up in Protest,” GAY, 7 Dec. 1970, 1, 12, 16; “Koncentration Kamp for Gays,” Gay Flames, 14 Dec. 1970, 3; “Mental Health Group Mans the Barricades,” Los Angeles Advocate, 23 Dec. 1970, 1, 3.

 

Document 179: American Psychiatric Association Convention Protest in Washington, D.C., May 1971

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Gay Raiders Seize Stage at D.C. Psychiatric Meet,” The Advocate, 26 May 1971, 3.

For related sources, see “Reuben TV Appearance Turns into ‘Gay-for-all,” The Advocate, 17 Feb. 1971, 5; “The Changing View of Homosexuality,” New York Times, 28 Feb. 1971, 47; William B. Kelley, “Gays Protest Reuben ‘Book,’” Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Feb. 1971, 1, 18; “Gays Protest Reuben Book on Miller TV Show,” Chicago Gay Alliance Newsletter, Feb. 1971, 11-12; William B. Kelly, “‘Dr.’ Reuben Zapped on Chicago TV,” GAY, 1 Mar. 1971, 3, 12; “Report on Study Triggers Demonstrations in L.A.,” The Advocate, 28 Apr. 1971, 2, 13; “Gays vs. Shrinks,” Los Angeles Free Press, 30 April 1971, 6; Erik Larsson, “Psychiatrists Zapped Again,” GAY, 21 June 1971, 10; “‘Doctor, Doctor!’ Fags vs. Shrinks,” Fag Rag, June 1971, 4, 13; “Mental Health Assn. Says All Gays Not Sick,” The Advocate, 7 July 1971, 1, 10; “Zap!” People’s Gay Sunshine, c. July 1971, 8, 18; Don Jackson, “Kill the Queers!” Gay Sunshine, Aug. 1971, 11, 12; “Petition Hits Headshrinks,” The Advocate, 1 Sep. 1971, 29; “Psychiatric Endorsement ‘Astonishes’ Dr. Hooker,” The Advocate, 10 Nov. 1971, 6; “Reuben, Reuben…” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 1; “‘You Don’t Own Us,’ Psychiatrists Told,” The Advocate, 24 Nov. 1971, 12.

 

Document 180: American Psychiatric Association Convention Protest in Dallas, May 1972

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is John P. LeRoy, “Shrinks Asked to Join Gay Liberation,” GAY, 12 June 1972, 1, 12.

For related sources, see “Philadelphia Group Hits ‘Sick’ Talk,” The Advocate, 5 Jan. 1972, 4; “Psychiatric Society Urges Law Reform,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 3, 10; Rob Cole, “Militant Invasion Led to Statement,” The Advocate, 2 Feb. 1972, 10; Don Jackson, “Gays Walk out of Prison Meet; Doctors Go On to Tell of Abuses,” The Advocate, 1 Mar. 1972, 2, 10; “S.F. Demonstrators Hit Surgical, Drug ‘Cures,’” The Advocate, 29 Mar. 1972, 17; “Sit-In Staged at Vacaville,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 6; John Lastala, “Atascadero: Dachau for Queers,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 11, 13; Rob Cole, “Or Is Somebody Having Nightmares?” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 11, 12; “Candidate Urges Castration,” The Advocate, 26 Apr. 1972, 13; Don Jackson, “‘A Clockwork Orange’: It’s Not Fiction,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 12, 14; Rob Cole, “Atascadero Reformer Denies Aversion Used,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 16; “…And Victims Inside,” The Advocate, 10 May 1972, 28; Greg Lee, “This, That, and Other Things,” Drummer, 18 May 1972, 4; “Gays Get No Satisfaction from Eastern Psychological Assn.,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 4; Rob Shivers, “Psychiatry Convention Hears ‘Gay Is Healthy,’” The Advocate, 7 Jun. 1972, 12; “Psychiatrists in California Support Gays,” The Advocate, 7 June 1972, 12; Ralph Elias, “Dallas Psychiatric Meet: ‘Sickness Theory’ Ignored,” Vector, June 1972, 37-38, 40; Frank Kameny, “Gay, Proud and Healthy,” Vector, June 1972, 21, 32; “Angry Gay Libbers Hurls Water at Shrink” GAY, 10 July 1972, 3; “GML Zaps Witchdoctors,” Fag Rag, Summer 1972, 5; “Sledgehammer Psychiatry,” The Advocate, 16 Aug. 1972, 28; Rob Cole, “Inside Atascadero,” The Advocate, 30 Aug. 1972, 1, 6; Rob Cole, “Inside Atascadero,” The Advocate, 13 Sep. 1972, 6; Rob Cole, “Inside Atascadero,” The Advocate, 27 Sep. 1972, 12, 13; “Therapy Scored by Homosexuals,” New York Times, 9 Oct. 1972, 32; Rob Cole, “Inside Atascadero,” The Advocate, 11 Oct. 1972, 5, 12; “GAA Descends on Psychiatric Meet in Gotham,” The Advocate, 8 Nov. 1972, 8; Don Jackson, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 22 Nov. 1972, 35; Del Martin, “The Politics of Mental Illness,” Sisters, Nov. 1972, 16-23; “Judges, D.A. Deny Atascadero Influence,” The Advocate, 6 Dec. 1972, 10.

 

Document 181: American Psychiatric Association Convention Protest in Honolulu, May 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Psychiatric Association May Drop ‘Sickness’ Label,” GAY, 18 June 1973, 1, 6. See also Boyce Rensberger, “Psychiatrists Review Stand on Homosexuals,” New York Times, 9 Feb. 1973, 24; Randy Wicker, “Psychiatrists Consider Reclassifying Homosexuality,” The Advocate, 28 Mar. 1973, 3, 24; “Jean Dietz, “Dysfunction vs. Deviation,” Boston Globe, 6 May 1973, B6; “Shock Device Booth Zapped at Conference,” The Advocate, 9 May 1973, 9; “The ‘Illness’ Concept: Warning to Psychiatrists,” San Francisco Chronicle, 9 May 1973, 6; “Psychiatrist Raps a Gay Labeling,” San Francisco Chronicle, 10 May 1973, 6; “Doctors Urged Not to Call Homosexuality Illness,” New York Times, 10 May 1973, 20; “Are Homosexuals Sick?” Newsweek, 21 May 1973, 71-72; “Psychiatrists Set Half Day to Discuss Labeling of Gays,” The Advocate, 23 May 1973, 17; Sasha A. Yasinin, “Psychiatrists Fail to Decide,” The Advocate, 6 June 1973, 3, 12, 13, 14; Judd Marmor, “A Psychiatrist Says It’s Nonsense to Call Homosexuals Sick,” Los Angeles Times, 12 June 1973, C7; Rob Cole, “A Psychiatric Revolution,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 1, 2, 5, 35; Michael Serber and Claudia G. Keith, “Offering Meaningful Services,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 2, 18, 19; Tom Close, “A Patient’s View,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 2, 35; “‘Psychiatry Shouldn’t Be Used to Oppress,’” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 5, 12; “Harbinger of ‘1984,’ or a Valuable Human Insight?” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 5, 23, 24; “Atascadero Survival Uncertain,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 12; Randy Wicker, “Gays Carry Day at Psych Meeting,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 3, 35; “Seattle Psychology Class Zapped,” The Advocate, 20 June 1973, 20; Larry Gulian, “Gays March on Ann Landers,” Chicago Gay Crusader, June 1973, 4; “Atascadero Jumps,” The Advocate, 1 Aug. 1973, 3; “New Gay Role Felt As Psychologists Convene,” The Advocate, 10 Oct. 1973, 5.

 

Document 182: American Psychiatric Association Declassification of Homosexuality As Mental Illness, December 1973

 

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is “Sick No More,” The Advocate, 16 Jan. 1974, 1, 2, 4.

For related sources, see “Gays Lose ‘Deviate’ Label,” San Francisco Examiner, 16 Dec. 1973, 15; Victor Cohn, “Doctors Rule Homosexuals Not Abnormal,” Washington Post, 16 Dec. 1973, A1, A21; Victor Cohn, “Psychiatric Assn. Decides Homosexuality Not Illness,” Boston Globe, 16 Dec. 1973, 53; Richard Lyons, “Psychiatrists, in a Shift, Declare Homosexuality No Mental Illness,” New York Times, 16 Dec. 1973, 1, 25; “Homosexuality Is Not a Mental Disorder: APA,” New York Times, 16 Dec. 1973, 238; “Psychiatrists Change View on Homosexuals,” Los Angeles Times, 16 Dec. 1973, 12; “The A.P.A. Ruling on Homosexuality: The Issue Is Subtle, The Debate Still On,” New York Times, 23 Dec. 1973, 109; David Aiken, “Gays Leave Psychiatric ‘Sick’ List,” The Advocate, 2 Jan. 1974, 1, 12; David Aiken, “Label Wrong All Along, Says Author of Change,” The Advocate, 16 Jan. 1974, 2, 4; Robert Spitzer, “A Proposal about Homosexuality,” The Advocate, 16 Jan. 1974, 4; “Seek to Put Gays Back on Sick List,” The Advocate, 13 Jan. 1974, 12; Robert E. Gould, “What We Don’t Know about Homosexuality,” New York Times Magazine, 24 Feb. 1974, 13, 51-?; Mark Segal, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 27 Feb. 1974, 36.