Chapter Two: Activist Agendas and Visions before Stonewall (1965-1969)

Documents 19-26: Homophile Movement Debates, 1965-1966

The documents reprinted in The Stonewall Riots are “The Year Ahead: A Forecast,” Mattachine Review, Jan. 1965, 19-22; Dr. Franklin E. Kameny, “Does Research into Homosexuality Matter?” The Ladder, May 1965, 14-20; Florence Conrad [Jaffy], “Research Is Here to Stay,” The Ladder, July 1965, 15-21; “Positive Policy,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, May 1965, 23-24; Franklin E. Kameny, “Editorial: On Picketing,” Eastern Mattachine Magazine, July 1965, 20-21; East Coast Homophile Organizations, July Fourth demonstration flier, 4 July 1965, reprinted in Kay Tobin [Lahusen], “Picketing: The Impact & the Issues,” The Ladder, Sep. 1965, 4-8; Richard Conger [W. Dorr Legg], Editorial, ONE, Sep. 1965, 4; “Interview with Ernestine,” The Ladder, June 1966, 4-11.

For related sources, see Kay Tobin and Barbara Gittings, “Part Four: ‘Act or Teach?’” The Ladder, Feb. 1965, 13-17; Franklin E. Kameny, “Appeal!” Drum, June 1965, 30, 32; Franklin E. Kameny, “Emphasis on Research Has Had Its Day,” The Ladder, Oct. 1965, 10-14, 23-26; “Highlights from ECHO Conference Speeches,” Tangents, Nov. 1965, 11-13; Editorial, Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Dec. 1965, 7; “Homosexual’s Worst Enemy,” Cruise News & World Report Jan. 1966, 1; Editorial, Tangents, Jan. 1966, 2; Franklin Kameny, “Readers on Writers,” ONE, Feb. 1966, 17-19; Gene Damon, “Together—Toward A Common Goal,” Tangents, Mar. 1966, 16-18; “National Conference Adopts Statement, Launches Projects, Mattachine Midwest Newsletter, Mar. 1966, 5; “Homophile Planning Conference: Agreement in Kansas City,” Cruise News & World Report, Apr. 1966, 2-3; “U.S. Homophile Movement Gains National Strength,” The Ladder, Apr. 1966, 4-5; Clark P. Polak, “Homophile Conference,” Drum, Apr. 1966, 25-26; Del Martin, “Who Is A Homophile?” The Ladder, Sep. 1966, 14-15.

Documents 27-28: Homophile Sexual Radicalism, 1965-1967

The documents reprinted in The Stonewall Riots are Clark P. Polak, “The Homophile Puzzle,” Drum, Dec. 1965, 13-17, 26-27 and Jan. 1966, 8-11; Clark Polak, Janus Society Newsletter, Sep. 1966, 1-2.

For related sources, see Clark Polak, “From the President,” Janus Society Newsletter, Jan. 1965, 1-2; Clark P. Polak, “The Legacy,” Drum, May 1965, 2; Clark P. Polak, “The Responsibility,” Drum, Aug. 1965, 3, 30; Clark P. Polak, “Homophile Conference,” Drum, Apr. 1966, 25-26; Richard Conger and Sidney Rothman, “Second National Planning Conference Discusses the Homophile Movement,” Tangents, Aug. 1966, 4-8; “What Is To Be Done?” Citizens News, Oct. 1966, 1; Clark Polak, Janus Society Newsletter, Dec. 1966, 1-2; Clark Polak, “What Organized Homosexuals Want,” Sexology, Jan. 1967, 378-380.

Documents 29-30: Homophile Revolution and Gay Power, 1965-1968

The documents reprinted in The Stonewall Riots are Bill Beardemphl, “President’s Corner,” Vector, Sep. 1965, 2; William E. Beardemphl, “A Challenge to San Francisco,” The Ladder, Oct. 1966, 14-15.

For related sources, see A. Cecil Williams, “On Getting and Using Power,” Vector, Jan. 1965, 4, 9, 10; Bill Beardemphl, “On Leadership,” Vector, Jan. 1965, 2; Bill Beardemphl, “President’s Corner,” Vector, Dec. 1965, 2; Bill Beardemphl, “President’s Corner,” Vector, Aug. 1966, 2; Bill Beardemphl, “President’s Column,” Vector, Sep. 1966, 2; “SIR President Speaks,” Citizens News, Oct. 1966, 10; “Attorney Hallinan Advocates ‘Gay Power,’” Vector, Nov. 1966, 1; W. E. Beardemphl, “Public Sex Is Sex Is Sex Is Sex,” Vector, June 1967, 17; Cindy Claire Lewis, “Gay Power,” Vector, July 1967, 21; “U.S. Capital Turns on to Gay Power,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1967, 1; Jim Skaggs, “The President’s Corner,” Vector, Mar. 1968, 6; Larry Littlejohn, “The President’s Corner,” Vector, July 1969, 14.

Document 31: Homosexual Bill of Rights, 1968

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is North American Conference of Homophile Organizations, “Homosexual Bill of Rights,” 17 Aug. 1968, reprinted in Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1968, 6.

For related sources, see “Homosexuals Ask Own Bill of Rights,” Chicago Daily News, 13 Aug. 1968; Stephen Donaldson, “Homophile Conference Votes Sweeping Changes,” Los Angeles Advocate, Sep. 1968, 2, 24; W. E. Beardemphl, “Conference Trip at Trip A Bummer,” Vector, Sep. 1968, 5, 28; Ron Warren, “The Warren Report,” Vector, Sep. 1968, 6; Richard Gayer, “The NACHO—Present and Future,” Vector, Sep. 1968, 7, 30; Larry Littlejohn, “The President’s Corner,” Vector, Sep. 1968, 7; Stephen Donaldson, “NACHO Debates National Structure, Chooses Officers,” Los Angeles Advocate, Oct. 1968, 2, 6, 7; W. E. Beardemphl, “Parries and Thrusts,” Vector, Oct. 1968, 8; Editorial, Tangents, Oct. 1968, 2; “Tangents,” Tangents, Oct. 1968, 22-26.

Documents 32-34: Homophile Feminism, 1966-1968

The documents reprinted in The Stonewall Riots are Shirley Willer, “What Concrete Steps Can Be Taken to Further the Homophile Movement?” The Ladder, Nov. 1966, 17-20; Del Martin, “The Lesbian’s Majority Status,” The Ladder, June 1967, 23-25; A. B. [Ada Bello], “The Masculine-Feminine Mystique,” Daughters of Bilitis Philadelphia Newsletter, Nov. 1967, 1-2.

For related sources, see “Purpose of the Daughters of Bilitis,” The Ladder, Jan. 1965, 2; L. E. E., “The Invisible Woman,” The Ladder, June 1965, 4-8; Martha Shelley, “On Marriage,” The Ladder, Oct. 1968, 46-47.

Document 35: Queer Street Activism, 1966

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is J. P. [Jean-Paul] Marat, “The Views of Vanguard,” Cruise News & World Report, Oct. 1966, 10.

For related sources, see “Young Rejects Form Own Organization,” Cruise News & World Report, July 1966, 1; “Statement of Purpose for Vanguard,” V, Oct. 1966, 1; Jean-Paul Marat, “On Prejudice,” V, Oct. 1966, 2; Laurence Tate, “Exiles of Sin, Incorporated,” Berkeley Barb, 11 Nov. 1966, 5.

Document 36: Bisexual Activism, 1967-1969

The document reprinted in The Stonewall Riots is Keith St. Clare, “Bisexuality,” Vanguard (1.9), 1967, 25-26, 28.

For a related source, see David Radford, “Bisexuality,” Vector, Apr. 1969, 13-14, 25.

Documents 37-41: Trans Activism, 1965-1969

The documents reprinted in The Stonewall Riots are “Purpose of Transvestia,” Transvestia (no. 34), 1965; Susanna Valenti, “I Hate Men: A Diversion by a Male Transvestite,” The Ladder, May 1965, 24-26; Western Regional Planning Conference of Homophile Organizations, “Homophile Movement Policy Statement,” Vector, May 1967, 3; Virginia Bruce [Prince], “The Expression of Femininity in the Male,” Journal of Sex Research 3, no. 2 (May 1967): 129-139; “Purposes and Progress,” Erickson Educational Foundation Newsletter, Spring 1969, 1.

For related sources, see Larry Carlson, “The Wearing of Drag,” Vector, Apr. 1967, 16-18; W. E. Beardemphl, “Drag—Is It Drab, Despicable, Divine?” Vector, May 1967, 13.

Documents 42-45: Gay Power and Gay Revolution, 1968-1969

The documents reprinted in The Stonewall Riots are “Hymnal Makes Bow,” The New York Hymnal, Feb. 1968, 1-2; “Happiness Is A Button,” The Insider: Newsletter of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Feb. 1969, 1; Leo E. Laurence, “Gay Revolution,” Vector, Apr. 1969, 11, 25; Leo E. Laurence, “Gay Power’s Invincible Rise,” Berkeley Barb, 20 June 1969, 11.

For related sources, see Editorial, Hymnal, Feb. 1968, 3; Editorial, Hymnal, Apr. 1968, 2; Larry Littlejohn, “The President’s Corner,” Vector, Nov. 1968, 9; Gary Patterson [Leo E. Laurence], “Gay Is Good,” Vector, Nov. 1968, 5, 27; Leo E. Laurence, “My Boss Knows,” Vector, Jan. 1969, 13, 29; “Homo Revolt: ‘Don’t Hide It,’” Berkeley Barb, 28 Mar. 1969, 5, 23; Leo Laurence, Editorial, Vector, Mar. 1969, 4; “Homo Mag Editor Vows to Hold Out to the End,” Berkeley Barb, 4 Apr. 1969, 11; Carl Wittman, “Politics and the Individual,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 22 Apr. 1969, 2; Jerry Weiss, “Why Are We Rocking the Boat?” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 29 Apr. 1969, 2; Gale Whittington, “The Male’s Emergence,” Vector, Apr. 1969, cover, 16-17; Jim Hicks, “The Individual and Politics,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 6 May 1969, 2; Aubrey Bailey, “On Homosexual Militancy,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 6 May 1969, 2; Aubrey Bailey, “The Worm Has Turned,” Committee for Homosexual Freedom Newsletter, 20 May 1969, 2; Ed Jackson, “A Poor Choice of Words,” Los Angeles Advocate, June 1969, 25; Larry R. Littlejohn, “President’s Corner,” Vector, June 1969, 6.