LGBT Direct Action Bibliography, Chronology, and Inventory, 1965-74 – Marc Stein – October 2023

B = businesses

E = electoral politics, including politicians, public officials, and political parties

G = gay-ins and other LGBT gatherings

I = military, militarism, war

J = jails and prisons

M = media (newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television), arts, and culture

N = national, state, and local government policies and buildings, including courts

O = police

P = pride events, marches, parades, and protests

Q = LGBT targets, including organizations and businesses

R = religion, religious institutions, and religious policies

S = science, medicine, psychology, and psychiatry

U = universities, colleges, schools, and educational institutions

X = miscellaneous

1974

4 January 1974: LGBT demonstration, led by Rev. Raymond Broshears, at Ramrod bar in San Francisco. Primary sources: R. B. Bumpus, letter to the editor, Bay Area Reporter, 9 Jan. 1974, 8. [Q] [B]

13 January 1974: Ad Hoc Committee Against Soviet Oppression of Homosexuals demonstration at Soviet Union consulate in San Francisco (12 participants) and at undisclosed location in New York after December arrest of Russian film director Sergei Paradjanov on homosexual conduct charges. Primary sources: “S.F. Gays Picket Soviets,” San Francisco Chronicle, 14 Jan. 1974, 6; “San Francisco Gays Protest Soviet Film Director’s Arrest,” The Advocate, 27 Feb. 1974, 21; “Honored Director Imprisoned, The Advocate, 17 July 1974, 20. [X] [X]

21 January 1974: LGBT march to Los Angeles police headquarters and rally at Federal Building to protest police raids and harassment in Hollywood (250 participants). Primary sources: “Gays Plan Solidarity March Against L.A. Police Center,” The Advocate, 30 Jan. 1974, 3; “Hundreds March on L.A. Police,” The Advocate, 13 Feb. 1974, 1, 14; Doug Sarff, “Rocco Arrest Shocks Meeting,” The Advocate, 13 Feb. 1974, 3; Dick White, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 27 Feb. 1974, 40; “L.A. Protest,” Gay Liberator, Mar. 1974, 2; “Gays March on L.A. Police,” Gay Scene, Mar. 1974, 7. [O] [N]

22 February 1974: LGBT candelight march from Hollywood High School to Hollywood Division police station to protest Hollywood Businessmen’s Association and police discrimination against LGBT businesses (300 participants). Primary sources: “Marches, Boycott Set for Hollywood,” The Advocate, 27 Feb. 1974, 3; “Love Marches for Justice in L.A.,” The Advocate, 13 Mar. 1974, 1, 3. [B] [O]

24 February 1974: LGBT demonstration against racism, sexism, and anti-trans discrimination by Rev. Troy Perry and Metropolitan Community Church at quarterly meeting of Metropolitan Community Church of Philadelphia (25 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Group Disrupts Meeting in Church,” Philadelphia Tribune, 19 Mar. 1974, 4; John Zeh, “Philly Factions: Perry Brought No Peace,” The Advocate, 27 Mar. 1974, 10. [Q] [R]

4 March 1974: GLF-Ann Arbor and Gay Awareness Women’s Kollective demonstration at Ann Arbor City Council to protest non-enforcement of city human rights law (100 participants). Primary sources: “Protest Closes Council,” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1974, 1. [N]

14 March 1974: GAA-NY demonstration against CBS television programs M*A*S*H and Kojak at CBS Broadcast Center (200 participants). Primary sources: “GAA/NY Picket Planned,” Gay Scene, Mar. 1974, 7; Joe Kennedy, “Smash! Bleep! Clean Up! Gays Zap Network Center,” The Advocate, 10 Apr. 1974, 1; “Anti-Gay Shows Hit,” Gay Liberator, June 1974, 3. [M]

18 March 1974: LGBT demonstration at Ann Arbor City Council to protest non-enforcement of city human rights law (80 participants). Primary sources: “Protest Closes Council,” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1974, 1. [N]

28 March 1974: Chicago Gay Alliance demonstration at Sun Times-Daily News building to protest antigay comments by Daily News columnist Mike Royko. Primary sources: “Gays Protest Royko’s Insults,” Chicago Gay Crusader, Mar. 1974, 1, 13; “Gays Irate at Column’s ‘Monkey Business,’” The Advocate, 24 Apr. 1974, 1, 20. [M]

30 March 1974: “Ann Slanders Homosexuals” rally at Harvard Club in Boston to protest antigay comments by newspaper columnist Ann Landers. Primary sources: “All People,” Gay Community News, 30 Mar. 1974, 2. [M]

March 1974: GAA-NY “mill-in” at New York City Human Rights Commission to begin four month campaign in support of Intro 2 (local gay civil rights bill). Primary sources: Joe Kennedy, “Zap Campaign to Push Intro 2,” The Advocate, 10 Apr. 1974, 23. [N]

2 April 1974: Bob Opel, Advocate photographer, streaking protest at the Academy Awards (1 participant). Primary sources: “L.A. Turns Thumbs Down on Nudity,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 4. [M]

4-5 April 1974: Gay Community Services Center demonstration at After Dark bar in Los Angeles to protest racism and sexism. Primary sources: Joel Tlumak, “Bar’s ID Policy Is Under Attack,” The Advocate, 24 Apr. 1974, 3; “Bar Controversies Lead to New Group,” The Advocate, 28 Aug. 1974, 5. [B] [Q]

18 April 1974: LGBT demonstration in support of Intro 2 at General Welfare Committee hearing in New York (150 participants). Primary sources: Joe Kennedy, “Despite Vote, Intro 2 a Toss-Up,” The Advocate, 22 May 1974, 3, 15. [N]

20 April 1974: Gay Rights Action Coalition march from Union Square and rally at Washington Square Park in support of Intro 2 in New York (350 participants). Primary sources: Joe Kennedy, “Bill Wins Crucial Vote, Council OK Likely,” The Advocate, 8 May 1974, 3, 22; Joe Kennedy, “Despite Vote, Intro 2 a Toss-Up,” The Advocate, 22 May 1974, 3,15. [N]

26 April 1974: Association of Gay Psychologists “counter-convention” at Society for Individual Rights center in San Francisco to protest exclusion of gay panels from Western Psychological Association convention. Primary sources: Mark Freedman, “Snub Sparks Gay Meet,” The Advocate, 24 April 1974, 37. [S]

April 1974: Achvah (Gay Jewish Union) protest against Nazi advertisements in the Bay Area Reporter on two consecutive nights at gay bars and Bay Area Reporter in San Francisco (4 participants). Primary sources: “‘Death Threat’ Taken to Police,” The Advocate, 10 Apr. 1974, 3. [M] [M] [Q] [Q] [R] [R]

April 1974: LGBT demonstrations against police harassment at home of Seattle police chief George Tielsch. Primary sources: “Anti-Gay Police Chief Hired in Santa Monica,” The Advocate, 10 Apr. 1974, 3; “Plan Set for Davis Zap; Countdown to Aug. 17,” The Advocate, 28 Aug. 1974, 3. [O]

April 1974: Guerilla Street Theatre lesbian zap in Park Square in Boston (4-9 participants). Primary sources: “Guerillas,” Gay Community News, 13 Apr. 1974, 2. [X]

4 May 1974: LGBT rally for equal rights on Christopher Street in Greenwich Village, New York (1,000 participants). Primary sources: “1,000 Attend ‘Village’ Rally to Support Homosexual Bill,” New York Times, 5 May 1974, L70; Rick Nielsen, “Odds and Ends,” Bay Area Reporter, 15 May 1974, 30. [N]

5 May 1974: GAA-New Jersey “Hold Hands” unity demonstration at Statue of Liberty (400 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Demonstrate in Area,” New York Times, 6 May 1974, 74; “Plan Unity Show Around ‘Ms. Lib,’” The Advocate, 8 May 1974, 8; “East Coast Sisters and Brothers Hold Hands in Salute to Gay Unity,” The Advocate, 5 June 1974, 2. [N]

7 May 1974: Gay Awareness Women’s Kollective and GLF-Ann Arbor protest at American Psychiatric Association convention panel on homosexuality in Detroit (100 participants). Primary sources: “Lesbians Hit A.P.A. Panel,” Gay Liberator, May 1974, 4, 5; “Lesbian Activists Speak,” Gay Liberator, May 1974, 6; “Women’s Rage Splits APA Panel,” The Advocate, 19 June 1974, 1, 14. [S]

10 May 1974: Gay Raiders “Gay Patriotic Tour” at White House. Primary sources: “Gay Raiders Plan ‘Tour’ of White House,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 3 May 1974, 1. [N]

23 May 1974: LGBT protest at New York City Council meeting and demonstration/sit-in at St. Patrick’s Cathedral after defeat of local gay rights bill (90 participants). Primary sources: Maurice Carroll, “Council Defeats Homosexual Bill by 22-to-19 Vote,” New York Times, 24 May 1974, 1, 10. [N] [R]

May 1974: GAA-Philadelphia zap to protest anti-LGBT article in Philadelphia Inquirer (13 participants). Primary sources: John Zeh, “Gays Let Inkie Know: ‘We Don’t Like It,’” Drummer, 21 May 1974, 6. [M]

May 1974: Dignity demonstration at St. Patrick’s Cathedral to protest Catholic Church opposition to local gay rights bill (50 participants). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Demonstrate Here,” New York Times, 6 May 1974, 39. [R]

May 1974: Action Childcare Coalition demonstration at Washington state Capitol building in Olympia over proposed regulations that would prevent gay people from serving as foster parents. Primary sources: “Seek to Block Gay Foster Homes,” The Advocate, 22 May 1974, 8. [N]

May 1974: GAA-NY two-day demonstration and vigil at St. Patrick’s Cathedral to protest Catholic Church opposition to local gay rights legislation (5 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Rights Bill Beaten in N.Y.,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 25 May 1974, 18C. [R] [R]

14 and 21 June 1974: Metropolitan Community Church demonstrations at Paradise Ballroom in Los Angeles to protest sexism and racism (50 participants). Primary sources: “Arsonist Sets Three Fires at MCC,” The Advocate, 17 July 1974, 2; “Perry Leads Paradise Pickets in Protest,” The Advocate, 17 July 1974, 3; “Meeting in Park Called to Spur L.A. Movement,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 14. [B] [B] [Q] [Q]

15 June 1974: Gay Raiders “Gay Patriotic Tour” of the White House. Primary sources: “Raiders Plan Zap of the White House,” The Advocate, 22 May 1974, 10. [N]

17 June 1974: Gay Raiders zap of lecture by David Reuben, author of Everything You Wanted to Know About Sex—But Were Afraid to Ask, at Playhouse in the Park in Philadelphia (10-12 participants, 1 arrest). Primary sources: “Gay Raiders Disrupt Lecture by Dr. Reuben,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 17 June 1974; Ellen Karasik, “Homosexual Group Disrupts Sex Lecture by Dr. Reuben,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 18 June 1974, B1, B2; William A. Lovejoy, “ACLU Decries Disruption by Gay Raiders,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 18 June 1974, 13; “Reuben and the Raiders,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 21 June 1974, 1; “Editor’s Corner,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 21 June 1974, 2; Jeffrey Escoffier, “Sexual Politics,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 21 June 1974, 3; John Zeh, “Mock Trial of Reuben Fizzles; Raider Clubbed,” The Advocate, 17 July 1974, 2, 20; “Gay Raider Acquitted of 7 Counts,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 24 July 1974, 16; John Zen, “Boyle Found Innocent!” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 26 July 1974, 1, 3; Ed Brophy, “Boyle Sues Cops,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 28 Feb. 1975, 1; “Bernie the Zapper Wins, May Sue,” The Advocate, 14 Aug. 1974, 22; Tom Wilson, “Gay Sues Police,” Weekly Philadephia Gayzette, 15 Aug. 1975, 2; Tom Wilson, “Boyle Case: Jury Hung,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 26 Sept. 1975, 2. [S]

20 June 1974: GAA-NY member Peter Dvarackas release of 24 mice at City Council meeting in support of Intro 2 (1 participant). Primary sources: Joe Kennedy, “Of Mice and Men and Politicians,” The Advocate, 17 July 1974, 4. [N]

22 June 1974: Gay Day celebration at Independence Mall in Philadelphia. Primary sources: “Gay Day Saturday,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 21 June 1974, 1; John Zeh, “The Philadelphia Story: Scouting,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 29. [P]

22 June 1974: Gay Pride parade from Copley Square and rally at Boston Common (1000 participants). Primary sources: “Pride Week Plans,” Gay Community News, 4 May 1974, 1, 3; “Parade Plans Bring Criticism,” Gay Community News, 25 May 1974, 1, 2; “React!!,” Gay Community News, 25 May 1974, 4; “We Need You in the New England Gay Pride Parade,” Gay Community News, 1 June 1974, 7; “Pride Week Plans Detailed,” Gay Community News, 1 June 1974, 2; “Gay Pride Marches On,” Gay Community News, 29 June 1974, 1, 2; “Boston Gay Pride Week,” Gay Scene, June 1974, 3; “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8; “Gay Pride Review,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 6. [P]

22 June 1974: LGBT rally in support of gay prisoners at Cook County Jail in Chicago. Primary sources: “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8. [J]

23 June 1974: GAA-NY demonstration against Catholic Church opposition to gay rights at St. Patrick’s Cathedral (15-36 participants, 1 arrest). Primary sources: “Homosexuals Picket St. Patrick’s,” New York Times, 24 June 1974, 33; Joe Kennedy, “Of Mice and Men and Politicians,” The Advocate, 17 July 1974, 4; Joe Kennedy, “Biggest N.Y. Parade: 43,000,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 3, 15; “Gays Picket Cathedral,” Gay Scene, July 1974, 3; “Separate Synagogue & State,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 3; “Charges Dropped Against Ormiston,” The Advocate, 9 Oct. 1974, 20. [R]

23 June 1974: Pride parade from Washington Place to Allegheny River Wharf in Pittsburgh. Primary sources: “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8; “Media Takes Pride Week Seriously,” The Advocate, 14 Aug. 1974, 6. [P]

24-28 June 1974: Pride week pickets and kiss-in and rally at Civic Center in Chicago in support of local gay rights bills. Primary sources: “Chicago’s Gay Bill Barely Alive,” The Advocate, 17 July 1974, 22. [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [P] [P] [P [P] [P]

25 June 1974: LGBT pride rally at Traffic Court and march to City-County Government Building in Detroit. Primary sources: “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8. [P]

29 June 1974: Gay pride rally at Kennedy Square and march to Louis Sone Park in Detroit (200 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Pride Week Plans,” Gay Liberator, Apr. 1974, 3; “Gay Pride Week,” Gay Liberator, May 1974, 10-11; “Pride Week Schedule,” Gay Liberator, June 1974, 3; “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8; “Some Weeks Are Special,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1974, 2, 3; Don Mager, “Coming Out Is The Key,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1974, 14, 15; Kathy Kozachenko, “Drag the Desert Down,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1974, 14, 15; Merrilee Melvin, “Dreams & Visions,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1974, 15; Michael L. Christianson, “Live Every Day Gay,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1974, 15, 16; “Gay Pride Week ’76,” Gay Liberator, Spring 1976, 1. [P]

27 or 29 June 1974: GAA-NY demonstration at Orthodox Jewish synagogue in Brooklyn to protest its opposition to local gay rights law. Primary sources: “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8; Joe Kennedy, “Of Mice and Men and Politicians,” The Advocate, 17 July 1974, 4; “Gays Picket Cathedral,” Gay Scene, July 1974, 3. [R]

30 June 1974: Gay pride parade in New York City (4,000-43,000 participants). Primary sources: “New York Adds Park Festival,” The Advocate, 13 Feb, 1974, 19; “Parade Permit OK’d; Call for 30 Policemen,” The Advocate, 27 Mar. 1974, 23; “N.Y.C. Parade,” Gay Community News, 29 June 1974, 2; “N.Y. Gay Lib Day,” Gay Scene, June 1974, 3; “A Parade Closes Gay Pride Week,” New York Times, 1 July 1974, 33; “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8; Allen Kratz, “Huge Crowd Celebrates 5^th Stonewall Anniversary,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 5 July 1974, 1; Harris S. Halpern, “Lesbian Separatism,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 5 July 1974, 2; Jeffrey Escoffier, “Sexual Politics,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 5 July 1974, 3; Joe Kennedy, “Biggest N.Y. Parade: 43,000,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 3, 15; Wm. Lang, “Record Review,” Empty Closet, July 1974, 6; “New York Parade Climaxes Gay Pride Week,” Empty Closet, July 1974, 1, 2; Rick Nielsen, “Dateline: New York,” Bay Area Reporter, 8 Aug. 1974, 27; Richard D. Griffo, “N.Y. Parade Not that Great,” The Advocate, 28 Aug. 1974, 37; Donna Baumoehl, “The Lesbian Life,” Gay Scene, Aug. 1974, 17; Marc Rubin, “It Was Great,” The Advocate, 25 Sept. 1974, 36-37; “Gay Pride Review,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 6; Richard D. Griffo, “Griffo Digs Gay Lib, but not Ego-Trippers,” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 36. [P]

30 June 1974: Gay pride parade in San Francisco (20,000 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Freedom Day Committee Selected for 1974,” Bay Area Reporter, 9 Jan. 1974, 3; Perry, “Around Town,” Bay Area Reporter, 23 Jan. 1974, 11; “Plan San Francisco Parade,” The Advocate, 13 Feb. 1974, 19; Donald McLean, “The Gay Freedom Day Celebration 1974,” Bay Area Reporter, 26 Jun. 1974, 1-2; Mister Marcus, “This is the Big, Big, Weekend,” Bay Area Reporter, 26 Jun. 1974, 20; Kevin Wallace, “Fifes, Drums and Drag Queens,” San Francisco Chronicle, 1 July 1974, 3; “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8; “Frivolity Leads to Friction in S.F.,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 2, 5; “Gay Pride Review,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 6. [P]

30 June 1974: Gay pride parade from Belmont Harbor to Lincoln Park rally in Chicago. Primary sources: “Chicago Gay Pride,” Gay Scene, June 1974, 3; “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8; “Gay Pride Parade,” Chicago Gay Crusader, July 1974, 1-4; “Gay Pride Review,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 6. [P]

30 June 1974: Waikiki Pride parade and picnic in Hawaii (30-40 participants). Primary sources: “Gay Pride Affects an Apathetic City,” The Advocate, 14 Aug. 1974, 23. [P]

30 June 1974: Christopher Street West pride parade in Los Angeles, including spontaneous sit-down on Sunset Boulevard to protest lack of police cooperation (2,000-5,000 participants). Primary sources: “Two L.A. Groups Unite to Plan ‘Clean’ Parade,” The Advocate, 16 Jan. 1974, 11; “Hollywood Going All Out as Parade Returns,” The Advocate, 22 May 1974, 24; “Parade and Carnival,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A4; “Carnival Mood of Pride Week Hit,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A7; “Pride is Busting Out All Over,” The Advocate, 3 July 1974, A8; “Jumbled in Hollywood: Good Vibes, Harsh Notes,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 3, 13; “Survivor Discovers her True Friends,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 8; “He Knocks the ‘Stars’ and Looks Beyond,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 14; “Meeting in Park Called to Spur L.A. Movement,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 14; “Jubilant Gays Strike Up the Band!,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 24, 25; J. Moriarty, “When the Parade Passes By…,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 25; “Home and Church Zap of Davis Heads New Activism Proposals,” The Advocate, 14 Aug. 1974, 14; Norm Lewis, “Rally Hotheads Nearly Spark Riot,” The Advocate, 14 Aug. 1974, 36; Mikhail Itkin, “Itkin Defends His Tactics: Cops Caused the Violence,” The Advocate, 28 Aug. 1974, 36, 37; Lee Wilson, “In Issue 144 of the Advocate…,” The Advocate, 28 Aug. 1974, 37; “Dance, Show Set for ‘Pride’ Deficit,” The Advocate, 11 Sept. 1974, 11; L.A. Editor Refuses to Discuss Blackout,” The Advocate, 25 Sept. 1974, 18; “Gay Pride Review,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 6; “Dance Pares Deficit from Pride Week,” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 5. [P] [O]

June 1974: GAA-NJ Gay Pride parade at Bergen County Courthouse in Hackensack (50 participants). Primary sources: “Hackensack Marks Gay Pride Day,” New York Times, 29 June 1974, 33. [P]

June 1974: Gay Pride Week rally in Loring Park in Minneapolis. Primary sources: Howard Erickson, “Legislator Comes Out,” The Advocate, 1 Jan. 1975, 1. [P]

June 1974: Gay Awareness Week rally at University of California, Los Angeles (100-150 participants). Primary sources: “Straight Students at UCLA Prove They’re Not So Healthy,” The Advocate, 5 June 1974, 7. [P] [U]

11 July 1974: Advocate photographer Bob Opel protest streak at Los Angeles City Council debate on proposed ban on public nudity (1 participant, 1 arrest). Primary sources: “L.A. Turns Thumbs Down on Nudity,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 4; Donald Warman, “L.A. Jury: Streak Just ‘Disruptive,” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 2; “Anatomy of a Streak,” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 2. [N]

19 July 1974: GAA-Philadephia protest against police harassment in Center City, Philadelphia (50 participants). Primary sources: “Peaceful Protest,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 12 July 1974, 1, 4; Peter Dunning, “Residents Join Gays in Protesting Traffic Signs,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 26 July 1974, 1. [O]

21 July 1974: Gay-in, picnic, and community meeting at Griffith Park in Los Angeles (70 participants). Primary sources: “Meeting in Park Called to Spur L.A. Movement,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 14; “Activist Dave Johnson: He Knocks the ‘Stars’ and Looks Beyond,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 14; “Home and Church Zap of Davis Heads New Activism Proposals,” The Advocate, 14 Aug. 1974, 14; “Plan Set for Davis Zap; Countdown to Aug. 17,” The Advocate, 28 Aug. 1974, 3. [G]

24 July 1974: LGBT march to ruins of Up Stairs bar in New Orleans to commemorate first anniversary of fire that killed 32 people (3 participants). Primary sources: Bill Rushton, “How Quickly Memories Fade,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 1. [B]

24-30 July 1974: Metropolitan Community Church gay pride march from Tucson to Phoenix (10 participants), followed by dance at Desert Hills Hotel (250 participants). Primary sources: “Pride Tested in the Arizona Desert,” The Advocate, 31 July 1974, 12. [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [B]

31 July 1974: LGBT demonstration at Detroit offices of the Michigan Catholic to protest newspaper’s firing of gay columnist Brian McNaught (20-24 participants). Primary sources: “Popular Catholic Column Dropped,” The Advocate, 11 Sept. 1974, 14; “Marchers Rally, Demand Gay Rights,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 2. [R] [M]

July 1974: Lesbian protest on behalf of homeless women at St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York (1 participant). Primary sources: “Lesbian Zaps Mass at St. Patricks,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 26 July 1974, 1. [R]

July 1974: Lesbian protest at pornography businesses in Philadelphia. Primary sources: Rachel Rubin, “Purple Painters Attack!” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 2 Aug. 1974, 1. [B]

July 1974: LGBT protest at Pizza Pete restaurant in Seattle over ejection of lesbian couple for kissing (36 participants). Primary sources: “Pizza Kisses Not on Menu,” The Advocate, 17 July 1974, 38. [B]

14 August: LGBT demonstration at Chancery Building in Detroit to protest Michigan Catholic’s firing of columnist Brian McNaught (20-24 participants). Primary sources: “Popular Catholic Column Dropped,” The Advocate, 11 Sept. 1974, 14; “Marchers Rally, Demand Gay Rights,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 2. [R] [M]

17 August 1974: LGBT zap at home of Los Angeles Police Department Chief Ed Davis (50 participants). Primary sources: “Plan Set for Davis Zap; Countdown to Aug. 17,” The Advocate, 28 Aug. 1974, 3; Ray Broshears, “‘Zap the Chief, Not His Church,’” The Advocate, 28 Aug. 1974, 36; “Davis Zap…Nightmare in the Valley,” The Advocate, 11 Sept. 1974, 1, 3; “Activists Move Cautiously on Davis,” The Advocate, 25 Sept. 1974, 3; “2 Police Lieutenants Cited,” The Advocate, 25 Sept. 1974, 10; “...Wielded Clubs in Gay Chase,” The Advocate, 9 Oct. 1974, 6. [O]

28 August 1974: GAA-NY and Gay Synagogue demonstration against Orthodox Jewish opposition to local gay rights bill at Rabbinical Council of America (40-50 participants). Primary sources: “Intro 2 is Introduced Again; Rabbinical Council Picketed,” The Advocate, 25 Sept. 1974, 22; “Separate Synagogue & State,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 3. [R]

August 1974: Lesbian protest at bridal shops in Philadelphia. Primary sources: Rachel Rubin, “Purple Painters Attack!” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 2 Aug. 1974, 1. [B]

2 September 1974: Mass at Holy Trinity Church, march, and rally at Archdiocese Chancery in Detroit in support of Brian McNaught, fired in July by Michigan Catholic newspaper (100-200 participants). Primary sources: “March—Rally—Mass,” Gay Liberator, Aug. 1974, 5; “Popular Catholic Column Dropped,” The Advocate, 11 Sept. 1974, 14; “Solidarity Mass Supports Brian McNaught,” The Advocate, 25 Sept. 1974, 14; “Marchers Rally, Demand Gay Rights,” Gay Liberator, Sept. 1974, 2. [R] [M]

7 September 1974: United Gays for Equal Treatment March from DOK West dance bar to rally at Garden Grove City Hall to protest lewd conduct arrests in Garden Grove, California (400-500 participants). Primary sources: “D.A. Files Suits to Close Six Gay Bars,” Los Angeles Times, 4 Sept. 1974, C5; “Orange Cops Go Bust Crazy,” The Advocate, 11 Sept. 1974, 2, 6; “Garden of Hate,” The Advocate, 25 Sept. 1974, 36; “State of Siege in California,” The Advocate, 9 Oct. 1974, 3, 22; “Pride Comes Late But Strong, as Orange County Gays Rise Up,” The Advocate, 9 Oct. 1974, 3; “Boycott Hits Back at Suburb’s Gay Bar Purge,” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 5; “Orange County War Enters Legal Phase as Gays Plan Recall,” The Advocate, 6 Nov. 1974, 16. [Q] [O] [B] [N]

16 September-2 October 1974: Sixteen-day fast in Detroit by fired Michigan Catholic columnist Brian McNaught to atone for Catholic Church’s persecution of LGBT people (1 participant). Primary sources: “McNaught Starts Fast to Atone for Sins of Catholic Church,” The Advocate, 17; “Catholic Newspaper Fires Brian McNaught Two Days After His Protest Fast is Ended,” The Advocate, 6 Nov. 1974, 15. [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R] [R]

21 September 1974: Metropolitan Community Church of Phoenix protest at Billy Graham’s 25th Anniversary Celebration in Hollywood Bowl (7 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Sarff, “Billy Graham’s God-Machine Too Much for ‘Witnesses,’” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 14; Joseph H. Gilbert, letter to the editor, The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 36. [R]

5 October 1974: LGBT march from May Co. department store to San Diego Tribune and San Diego Union to protest arrests (on lewd behavior and oral sex charges) of the “May Co. 40” and publication of their names (75-100 participants). Primary sources: “San Diego Tearoom Busts Leave Ugly Wounds,” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 6; Jeanne Barney, “No Gays for May Co.,” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 27; Dougls A. Wargo and Thomas M. Kozel, “San Diego Report: All Tearoom Users Got the Eye,” The Advocate, 6 Nov. 1974, 22, 23; “Gays in San Diego March for ‘Civil Rights,’” The Advocate, 6 Nov. 1974, 23. [B] [M] [O]

8 October 1974: GAA-NY picket of ABC studios to protest antigay episode of Marcus Welby, M.D, part of national campaign led by National Gay Task Force (8 participants). Primary sources: Loretta Lotman, “Gays Unite to Fight ABC,” Gay Community News, 31 Aug. 1974, 3; “Welby’s ‘Outrage’ Set; Gay Outrage Grows,” The Advocate, 25 Sept. 1974, 3, 10; “Listerine Doesn’t Approve of Welby’s Taste––So It Pulls Out,” The Advocate, 9 Oct. 1974, 1, 16; “Welby Picket Set,” The Advocate, 9 Oct. 1974, 16; “Network Squirms as Sponsors Flee ‘Welby’ Episode,” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 2, 30; “N.Y. GAA Burned,” The Advocate, 6 Nov. 1974, 1, 2; “Gay Giant Seen as ‘Welby’ Legacy,” The Advocate, 6 Nov. 1974, 2. [M]

8 October 1974: Homosexual Anti-Defamation Committee, GAA-San Francisco, Metropolitan Community Church, and Achvah demonstration at ABC-TV to protest Marcus Welby episode and firing of talk show host Stan Dale (75 participants). Primary sources: “Welby Picket Set,” The Advocate, 9 Oct. 1974, 16; “Network Squirms as Sponsors Flee ‘Welby’ Episode,” The Advocate, 23 Oct. 1974, 2, 30; “San Francisco ABC Protest,” Gay Community News, 26 Oct. 1974, 2; “Gay Giant Seen as ‘Welby’ Legacy,” The Advocate, 6 Nov. 1974, 2. [M]

8 October 1974: LGBT picket of ABC affiliate WFAA in Dallas by AURA (Fort Worth), Metropolitan Community Church, Daughters of Bilitis, and Circle of Friends (Dallas) to protest airing of Marcus Welby, M.D. episode. Primary sources: “Dallas Polls Say ‘Outrage’ Okay But Fight Goes on,” The Advocate, 20 Nov. 1974, 2. [M]

21 October 1974: Metropolitan Community Church picket and overnight sit-in at Los Angeles Times to protest newspaper’s coverage of LGBT topics (30-40 participants). Primary sources: Douglas Sarff, “Dawn Victory: 30 Spend the Night so Times Will Listen,” The Advocate, 20 Nov. 1974, 3, 4. [M]

21 October 1974: GAA-Philadelphia demonstration against offensive advertising at Mr. Livingroom (50 participants). Primary sources: “Week in Review,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 18 Oct. 1974, 1. [B]

23 October 1974: GAA-Philadelphia march against police harassment from Rittenhouse Square to 13^th and Locust Streets. Primary sources: “Week in Review,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 18 Oct. 1974, 1. [O]

31 October 1974: LGBT participation in demonstration at Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles during political dinner attended by President Gerald Ford. Primary sources: Jerry Belcher, “Protesters Hand Out Soup as Ford Speaks,” Los Angeles Times, 1 Nov. 1974, A28. [E] [B]

3 November 1974: Dignity-Philadelphia protest service at Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral (25 participants). Primary sources: Elizabeth Duff, “Homosexual Catholics Hold Prayer Service at Cathedral,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 4 Nov. 1974, 21. [R]

8 November 1974: LGBT demonstrations in several cities before airing of anti-lesbian Police Woman episode, including at NBC in Burbank, California (45 participants) and at Rockefeller Center in New York City. Primary sources: “‘Police Woman’ Backs Down,” The Advocate, 6 Nov. 1974, 31; Sasha Gregory Lewis, “NBC Lesbian Segment Stirs Nationwide Rage,” The Advocate, 4 Dec. 1974, 6, 7. [M] [M]

11 and 22 November 1974: Metropolitan Community Church protest, led by Rev. Bob Sirico, against return of “Fagots Stay Out” sign at Barney’s Beanery in Los Angeles (25 participants). Primary sources: “Meanwhile, Back at the Beanery…New ‘Fagots’ Message Protest Fails,” The Advocate, 4 Dec. 1974, 15; “Back to the Beanery,” The Advocate, 18 Dec. 1974, 22. [B] [B]

19-20 November 1974: Lesbian Feminist Liberation zap and sit-in at NBC headquarters in New York City to protest Police Woman episode and other anti-LGBT policies and programs (89 participants). Primary sources: “Outraged Lesbians Zap NBC,” The Advocate, 18 Dec. 1974, 1, 35. [M] [M]

30 November 1974: Demonstration at Barney’s Beanery owner Irving Held’s home in Belair, California, over failure to remove “Fagots Stay Out” sign. Primary sources: “Back to the Beanery,” The Advocate, 18 Dec. 1974, 22; “Is ‘Fagots (sic) Stay Out’ Sign Legal?” The Advocate, 12 Mar. 1975, 6. [B]

November 1974: Sit-in at Chubby’s coffee shop in Dallas to protest firing of gay employees (30 participants). Primary sources: Rob Shivers, “Deep in the Heart of Texas: Too Few Activists,” The Advocate, 20 Nov. 1974, 18. [B]

November 1974: Two-day Gay Activists Alliance-Philadelphia demonstrations against offensive advertising by Mr. Livingroom. Primary sources: “GAA Zaps Mr. Livingroom,” Weekly Philadelphia Gayzette, 22 Nov. 1974, 1, 2. [B] [B]

14 December 1974: Revolutionary Gay Men’s Union participation in solidarity demonstration to support Boston civil rights groups at the Federal
Building in San Francisco. Primary sources: Claude Wynne, “Gays Unite With Blacks Against Racism in Boston,” Bay Area Reporter, 26 Dec. 1974, 6. [N]

December 1974: Metropolitan Community Church protest march at Baptist Bible College in Springfield, Missouri, after college demands return of graduate Jerry Sloan’s diploma in response to his work to establish a Metropolitan Community Church in Des Moines, Iowa (11 participants). Primary sources: “Bible School Wants His Degree,” The Advocate, 18 December 1974, 14. [U] [R]